Socioeconomic Context of Residents in Extractive Reserves of Machadinho D'Oeste-Rondônia-Brazil

This article aims to analyze the economic, social and environmental perspectives in the territory that comprises the city of Machadinho D'oeste in the State of Rondônia, considering the type of economy and its relationship with the issues of deforestation and social problems. The theoretical bases used in the reference are based on reflections on how the Amazon is seen, on how the economy of the State of Rondônia and the municipality of Machadinho D'oeste are composed. A semi-structured interview was conducted with the Secretary of Social Action of the Municipality. The analysis of the interview was carried out by the Discourse Analysis (AD) methodology of Dominique Maingueneau. The research findings confirmed what was proposed in the objectives, which indicated that there are no public policies that can meet the socioeconomic demands of residents in the reserves of Machadinho D'oeste in Rondônia. These findings only show that the Amazon is seen by many perspectives, of a more exploratory nature of its biome.


Introduction
In a very evident way the Amazon, since the death of the rubber tapper leader Chico Mendes in 1988, has become constant news in the news around the world, when it is not reported issues involving agrarian conflicts, are recurrent stories about the exploitation of ores illegally or even the fires and systematic deforestation that has been happening more recently in the last 20 years. Several authors (IMBIRIBA, 1990;OLIVEIRA, 1998) understand that the Amazon region needs to have a more effective type of development different from the cruel way that has occurred in recent years, which makes extensive use of natural resources, generating social conflicts, being directly related to land inequality.
The Amazon has always been the object of constant exploitation, however, now such anthropic action is practiced in a more blatant and freeway, where the public power itself has the purpose of punishing, disapproved of the control and inspection bodies, reducing its capacities of action with the systematic reduction of budgets for ICMBio, FUNAI and others (INA, 2022) not to mention the policy that has been carried out to undermine the arrival of resources via international organizations. The reflexes are possible to perceive in our Brazilian cities, floods, intense heat waves, seasons of rains higher than normal, cold in places never occurred, the climate is signaling that in the way it is we will not be able to have the long-dreamed desire for sustainable deforested the most in this period, and part of this is explained by the advance of the agricultural frontier: soybeans, corn and cattle; and the exploitation and commercialization of timber illegally. These ingredients form a negative and unequal condition that privileges the economic interests of a few over the many, who harvest as a result the ills already as released by the media as the warming of the climate on earth.
The traditional populations (indigenous, extractive, quilombolas, riverside and others) an important part of residents in rural territories of the Amazon, are systematically affected by the invasions of their lands. Their purposes, settled where they are, is in addition to protecting the forest, perpetuate the great diversity of their traditional knowledge, but, for matters beyond their will, bow in the name of an unequal liberal economy.
Most of the vulnerable, people sands of the Amazon are silent, raped and in the worst of the dead situations, such as: Chico Mendes, Sister Dorothy, Nilce de Souza Magalhães (Nicinha), and now more recently the journalist Dom Phillips and the indigenist Bruno Pereira. This article has as main precept to analyze the economic, social and environmental perspectives in the territory that comprises the city of Machadinho D'oeste in the State of Rondônia, considering the type of economy and its relationship with the issues of deforestation and social problems currently encountered in the rural area.
We will specifically address the study problem, which are the people who reside in extractive reserves located in the territory that comprises the municipality of Machadinho D'Oeste in the State of Rondônia.
We will consider as specific objectives of the study: (1) to raise the economic issues of the city; and (2) to analyze the social situation of those residing in extractive reserves. For this, we will analyze the interview conducted with the secretary of social action of the municipality of Machadinho D'Oeste.

Views and occupations of the Brazilian Amazon
Historically, the Amazon has much to tell us when it comes to colonization as an exploration analogous to the country's own colonization process. Porto Gonçalves (2019) comments that for Brazilians living in the northeast, south and southeast of the country there are several types of Amazon, which essentially differ from the perspective of the real Amazon understood by residents and researchers of the region. For the author, the Amazon is seen by national and international society as an imaginary nature and in this case, it is thought that the immense territorial extension conditions it to be a place of resources to be explored in an unlimited way, which will never end.
The second conception that is thought about the Amazon is that it is seen as a peripheral region, a territory subordinate dwelling hierarchically to the national power, which is based on regions considered as more urbanized and civilized. The Amazon is seen to the country as the country is seen for the central countries, a kind of regionalized coloniality (PORTO GONÇALVES, 2019) and as has already been discussed, as a space of domination for exploration, with a purely predatory perspective for it.
The third type is that it is seen as a national issue, and this has materialized since the colonization of the country, going through the process of the dictatorial coup of 1964, where the military afraid of invasions and exploitation of mineral and natural wealth, tried to create pseudo-developmental policies, donating land in the northwest regions of the country, especially in the former Federal territory of Rondônia, encouraging urbanization, through the exploitation of noble timbers in the region (PORTO GONÇALVES, 2019).

Socioeconomic Context of Residents in Extractive Reserves of Machadinho D'Oeste-Rondônia-Brazil
International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, Vol.10 No.9 (2022), pg. 354 The fourth characteristic of the region is based on the idea of an Amazon that is considered as a demographic void, this idea, is consistent with the same condition predicted in the previous one. The Amazon has the lowest number of people residing per square meter than other territories in the country; however, the incentives for migration from other parts of the country reinforce this conception, those who would come to inhabit the great emptiness of the country, would come and enrich through some kind of exploitative ephemeral economy, such as mining, logging and others, but after "bamburrou" 1 return to their places of origin, this became a constant practice in Rondônia (PORTO GONÇALVES, 2019).
Another aspect of how they see the Amazon according to Porto Gonçalves (2019) is that the region is an inexhaustible source of supplies for supply to the least peripheral localities of the country and the world. The Amazon is a natural reserve of the planet, is the main supplier of ores of the country in the figure of projects: Carajás, Jari, Alunorte among others, known as projects, that exploit the Amazon soil, but unfortunately leave more social ills to those who stay than they could leave. So, this is the scenario that Porto-Gonçalves draws for how they see the Amazon. A place with colonial features.

The State of Rondônia: Economic Context
The land-clearing, and lack of control and punishment of invaders are one of the problems/causes (of many of the factors raised); (9) The lack of infrastructure for some Resex; (10) hunting, fishing which takes place illegally in much of the territory of extractive reserve; (11) There is the presence of cattle within some Resex, evidenced by systematic pastures; (12) The Resex that has its deliberative councils do not work, which hinders social control and management itself. With this, we find the ideal scenario so that there is no practice with the populations living in the Resex of Machadinho D'Oeste.

Socioeconomic Context of Residents in Extractive Reserves of Machadinho D'Oeste-Rondônia-Brazil
International In the historical series of the city of Machadinho D'Oeste for soybean production, we see that there has been a degrowth from the year 2018, coinciding with the same period of low production in the State of Rondônia (see image 01).

Methodological Procedure of Research
This is qualitative research of inductive character, which aims to understand the main characteristics of a situation observed as the objective of the study. A single interview was conducted, where the interviewee has important information that clarifies what is intended to be obtained as the objective of the study. It is critical social research, in which the foundations rest on dialectical logic, allowing to present historical components of the phenomenon to be studied (RICHARDSON, 2010).
The analysis of the results occurs through Dominique Maingueneau discourse analysis approach. Discourse Analysis has the function of understanding the subjects' gaze through a socio-historical ideology, which materializes in the speech of these subjects, through the discourse's own ethos, which is according to Maingueneau (2008), a discursive notion, constituted by discourse, that is, an image of the outside speaker to speech; an interactive process of influence over the other; and a hybrid idea, socio-discursive, who has a socially evaluated behavior and seized out of a precise communication situation. For the author, Discourse Analysis is the discursive practice itself (MAINGUENEAU, 2015).
Clippings of the interviewee's statements were made, considering important parts to answer the objectives of

Socioeconomic Context of Residents in Extractive Reserves of Machadinho D'Oeste-Rondônia-Brazil
International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, Vol.10 No.9 (2022), pg. 358 the study. This occurred through the arrangement of tables with columns where the speech clippings and the analysis from the discourse analysis method theory were included.
The research data were collected from an interview with the Secretary of Social Action of the Municipality.
The study was based only on this interview. The interviewee is born in a rural area of the city Machadinho D'Oeste, currently resides in the urban area, has a lot of experience with the social demands of people residing in the territories of the fourteen extractive reserves of the city of Machadinho D'Oeste.
The interview was conducted in two moments. The first occurred on March 18, 2022. A visit was made in In this section of the article will be presented the results of the interview held and the discussions. This results in and through table 1, which in the first column presents the cutout of the interviewee's speech; in the second column the theoretical elements of discourse analysis and in the last column the discussion. It's a lack of a public policy of serious buyers for their products.
So, that's a lot of factors that stop them, you know?
The main obstacle, the main complaint is the lack of public policies that meet them with dignity.

Conclusion
Considering all the assumptions evidenced during the work, we conclude that many are the problems found in the reserves located in the city of Machadinho D'Oeste. The problems are certainly not novelties for most of those who know the reality of peoples living isolated in the Amazon, as we emphasize in the introduction of this work, the Amazon, is seen in many respects, but none of them accredit so that it is the silver bullet that will save the country, considering the historical and current exogenous policies idealized by technocrats settled in their offices.
The Amazon, needs to be seen as a priority, bring the report of a public servant, who knows for decades the problems of a suffering public is the visible part of this monstrous iceberg of problems that peoples in the Amazon live daily, there is no way to solve all problems at once, but there is a way to think of the words of our interviewee, in public policies that can further broaden the debate around the biodiversification of what the Amazon has as an economic potential.
The current economic models of monoculture grain, pasture for cattle, felling of noble timber, illegal mining

Socioeconomic Context of Residents in Extractive Reserves of Machadinho D'Oeste-Rondônia-Brazil
International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, Vol.10 No.9 (2022), pg. 363 in environmental protection lands only enrich a few, leaving the vast majority the burden, which in the case of the Amazon, paraphrasing Keynes, will only recover after everyone in the long run is dead.