Systematic review of the epidemiology of oral cancer in Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss4.1431Keywords:
Mouth cancer, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Malignant neoplasm, EpidemiologyAbstract
Considering the role of epidemiological information in planning and effective interventions, the purpose of this study was to systematically review the epidemiology of squamous cell carcinoma in Brazil. We searched the PubMed, LILACS, BBO and Cochrane databases using keywords "oral squamous cell carcinoma", "oral squamous cell carcinoma", "oral squamous cell carcinoma" and their equivalents in English and Spanish, in combination with epidemiology, prevalence, frequency, and Brazil by 2018, excluding studies that did not address the epidemiology of this neoplasm or those conducted in other countries. The mean age of the patients was 56.6 years, with a higher prevalence in males 3.29: 1, mainly located in tongue, 42% and mouth floor 22%. Associated risk factors are tobacco (72.85%) and alcohol (66.65%). It was observed that 47% of patients present with regional metastases at the time of cancer discovery. According to the observed observational studies it can be concluded that the epidemiological data of Brazil are high in comparison to other countries, especially the number of metastases, indicating the late diagnosis of the disease
References
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Al-Jaber A, Al-Nasser L, MPH El-Metwally. Epidemiology of oral cancer in Arab countries - Systematic Review. Saudi Med J. 2016 Mar;37(3):249-55.
Amar A, Rapoport A, Curioni OA, Dedivitis RA, Cernea CR, Brandão LG. Prognostic value of regional metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of mouth. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Nov-Dec;79(6):734-7.
American Cancer Society. Survival Rates for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer [online]. 2018 [citado 2018 maio 30]. Disponível em: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html.
Barnes L, Eveson, JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Head and Neck Tumours. Lyon: IARC Press; 2005.
Batista AC, Costa NL, Oton-Leite AF, Mendonça EF, Alencar RCG, Silva TA. Distinctive clinical and microscopic features of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity and lip. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010 Mar;109(3):e74-9.
Bhanu Prasad V, Mallick S, Upadhyay AD, Rath GK. Systematic Review and individual patient data analisys of pediatric head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: An Analisy of 217 cases. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol.2017 Jan;92:75-81.
Bonfante GMS, Machado CJ, Alencar de Souza PE, Andrade EIG, Acurcio FA, Cherchiglia ML.Sobrevida de cinco anos e fatores associados ao câncer de boca para pacientes em tratamento oncológico ambulatorial pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil. Cad. Saúde Pública. 2014;30(5):983-97.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência. Tecnologia e Insumos Estratégicos Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia. Diretrizes Metodológicas - Elaboração de Revisão Sistemática e Metanálise de estudos observacionais comparativos sobre fatores de risco e prognóstico. Brasília (DF); 2004.
Brener S, Jeunon FA, Barbosa AA, Grandinetti HAM. Carcinoma de células escamosas bucal: uma revisão de literatura entre o perfil do paciente, estadiamento clínico e tratamento proposto. Rev Bras Cancerol. 2007;53(1):63-9.
Carvalho MB, Lenzi J, Lehn CN, Fava AS, Amar A, Kanda JL et al. Características clínico-epidemológicas do carcinoma epidermóide de cavidade oral no sexo feminino. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2001 jul-set;47(3):208-14.
Carvalho MV, Iglesias DPP, Nascimento GJF, Sobral APV. Epidemilogical Study of 534 biopsies of oral mucosal lesions in elderly Brazilian patients. Gerodontology. 2011 June;28(2):111-5.
Chen YK, Huang HC, Lin LM, Lin CC. Primary oral squamous cell carcinoma: an analysis of 703 cases in southern Taiwan. Oral Oncol.1999 Mar;35(2):173-9.
Dantas TS, de Barros Silva PG, Sousa EF, da Cunha MP, de Aguiar AS, Costa FW et al. Influence of Educational Level, Stage, and Histological Type on Survival of Oral Cancer in Brazilian Population – A Retrospective study of 10 Years Observation. Medicine (Baltimore).2016 Jan;95(3):e2314.
Durazzo MD, Araújo CEN, Brandão Neto JS, Potenza AS, Costa P, Takeda F et al. Clinical and epidemiological features of oral cancer in a medical school teaching hospital from 1994 to 2002: Increasing incidence in women, predominance of advanced local disease, and low incidence of neck metastases. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2005 Aug;60(4):293-8.
Faggons CE, Mabedi C, Shores CG, Gopal S. Review: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa. Malawi Med J. 2015 Sept;27(3):79-87.
Feller L, Chandran R, Khammissa RA, Meyerov R, Lemmer J. Alcohol and oral squamous cell carcinoma. SADJ. 2013 May;68(4):176-80.
Feller L, Lemmer J. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation and Treatment. J Canc Ther. 2012;3(4):263-8.
Francio F, SalumFG, Churubino K, Soares LY, Figueiredo MA. Perfil Epidemiológico de Portadores de Carcinoma Bucal do Serviço de Estomatologia HSL-PUCRS.Rev Odontol Bras Central. 2011;20(55):308-12.
Gervásio OLAS, Dutra RA, Tartaglia SMA, Vasconcelos WA, Barbosa AA, Aguiar MCF. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study of 740 Cases in a Brazilian Population. Braz Dent J. 2001;12(1):57-61.
Hamada GS, Bos AJG, Kasuga H, Hirayama T. Comparative Epidemiology of Oral Cancer in Brazil and India. Tokai J Exp Clin Med.1991 Mar;16(1):63-72 .
INCA. Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva. Estimativa 2018. Incidência de Câncer no Brasil. Síntese de Resultados e Comentários [online]. Rio de Janeiro: INCA; 2018 [citado 2018 jun 06]. Disponível em: http://www.inca.gov.br/estimativa/2018/sintese-de-resultados-comentarios.asp
Kademani D, Bell B, Bagheri S, Holmgren E, Dierks E, Potter B, Homer L. Prognostic Factors in Intraoral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Influence of Histologic Grade. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005 Nov;63(11):1599-605.
Köhler HF, Kowalski LP. Prognostic impact of the level of neck metastasis in oral cancer patients. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2012 Dec;78(6):15-20.
Lawal AO, Adisa AO, Effiom. OA. A review of 640 Oral squamous cell carcinoma cases in Nigeria. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017 June;9(6):e767–e771.
Li G, Li X, Yang M, Xu L, Deng S, Ran L. Prediction of biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma using microarray technology. Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 8;7:42105.
Lo WL, Kao SY, Chi LY, Wong YK, Chang RCS. Outcomes of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Taiwan after surgical therapy (factors affecting survival). J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003 July;61(7):751-8.
Losi-Guembarovski R, Menezes RP, Poliseli F, Chaves VN, Kuasne H, Leichsenring A et al. Oral carcinoma epidemiology in Paraná State, Southern Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2009 Feb;25(2):393-400.
Maleki D, Ghojazadeh M, Mahmoudi SS, Mahmoudi SM, Pournaghi-Azar F, Torab A et al. Epidemiology of Oral Cancer in Iran: a Systematic Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev.2015;16(13):5427-32.
Markopoulos AK. Current aspects on oral squamous cell carcinoma. Open Dent J. 2012;6:126-30.
Marocchio LS, Lima J, Sperandio FF, Corrêa L, de Sousa SOM. Oral Squamous cells carcinoma: na analysis of 1,564 cases showing advances in early detection. J Oral Sci. 2010 June;52(2):267-73.
Marques LA, Eluf-Neto J, Figueiredo RAO, de Góis-Filho JF, Kowalsky LP, Carvalho MB et al. Oral health, hygiene practices and oral cancer. Rev Saude Publica.2008 June;42(3):471-9.
Mashberg A, Boffetta P, Winkelman R, Garfinkel L. Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx among U.S. veterans. Cancer. 1993 Aug 15;72(4):1369-75.
Massano J, Regateiro FS, Januário G, Ferreira A. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Review of prognostic and predictive factors. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006 July;102(1):67-76.
Muñoz Guerra MF, Naval Gías L, Campo FR, Pérez JS. Marginal and segmental mandibulectomy in patients with oral cancer (a statistical analysis of 106 cases). J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003 Nov;61(11):1289-96.
Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot, JE. Patologia Oral e Maxilofacial. 3a ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2009.
Oliveira LR, Ribeiro-Silva A, Costa JPO, Simões AL, Di Matteo MAS, Zucoloto S. Prognostic factors and survival analysis in a sample of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008 Nov;106(5):685-95.
Oliveira ML, Wagner VP, Sant'ana Filho M, Carrard VC, Hugo FN, Martins MD. A 10-year analysis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma profile in patients from public health centers in Uruguay. Braz Oral Res. 2015;29. pii: S1806-83242015000100270.
Omura K. Current status of oral cancer treatment strategies: surgical treatments for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol. 2014;19(3):423-30.
Parker S, Tong T, Bolden S, Wingo PA. Cancer Statistics, 1997. CA Cancer J Clin. 1997 Jan-Feb;47(1):5-27.
Perussi MR, Denardin OVP, Fava AS, Rapoport A. Carcinoma epidermóide da boca em idosos de São Paulo. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2002;48(4):341-4.
Pimenta Amaral TA, Da Silva Freire AR, Carvalho AL, Pinto CA, Kowalski LP. Predictives factives of occult mettastasis and prognosis of clinical stages I and II squamous cell carcinoma of tongue and floor of the mouth. Oral Oncol.2004 Sept;40(8):780-6.
Pimenta Amaral TM, da Silva Freire AR, Carvalho AL, Pinto CA, Kowalski LP. Predictive factors of occult metastasis and prognosis of clinical stages I and II squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth.Oral Oncol. 2004 Sept;40(8):780-6.
Pires FR, Ramos AB, Oliveira JBC, Tavares AM, Luz PSR, Santos TCR. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: clinicopathological features from 346 cases from a single Oral Pathology service during an 8-year period. J Appl Oral Sci. 2013 Sept-Oct;21(5):460-7.
Pontes FS, Carneiro JT Jr, Fonseca FP, da Silva TS, Pontes HA, D Pinto Jr. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth: Analysis of survival rate and independent prognostic factors in the Amazon region. J Craniofac Surg. 2011 May;22(3):925-30.
Rotundo LDB, Toporcov TN, Biazevic GH, Carvalho MB, Kowalski LP, Antunes JLF. Há associação entre as feridas bucais por prótese dentária e risco de câncer de boca? Estudo caso-controle. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2013 set;16(3):705-15.
Saba NF, Goodman M, Ward K, Flowers C, Ramalingam S, Owonikoko T et al. Gender and Ethnic Disparities in Incidence and Survival of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue, Base of Tongue, and Tonsils: A Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program-Based Analysis. Oncology.2011;81(1):12-20.
Sano D, Myers JN. Metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2007 Dec;26(3-4):645-62.
Santos HB, Santos TK, Paz AR, Cavalcanti YW, Nonaka CF, Godoy GP et al. Oral squamous cell carcinoma in young patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2016 Mar 1;21(2):e151-6.
Santos LC, Batista OM, Cangussu MC. Characterization of oral cancer diagnostic delay in the state of Alagoas. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 July-Aug;76(4):416-22.
Schmidt BL, Dierks EJ, Homer L, Potter B. Tobacco smoking history and presentation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004 Sept;62(9):1055-8.
Sharma P, Saxena S, Aggarwal P. Trends in the epidemiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma in western UP: An institutional study. Indian J Dent Res. 2010 July-Sep;21(3):316-9.
Souza RL, Fonseca T, Santos CC, Corrêa GT, Santos FB, Cardoso CM et al. Lip squamous cell carcinoma in a Brazilian population: Epidemiological study and clinicopathological associations. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011 Sept 1;16(6):e757-62.
Stransky N, Egloff AM, Tward AD, Kostic AD, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A et al.The Mutational Landscape of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1157-60.
Teixeira AKM, Almeida MEL, Holanda ME, Sousa FB, Almeida PC. Carcinoma Espinocelular da Cavidade Bucal: um Estudo Epidemiológico na Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Fortaleza. Rev Bras Cancerol. 2009 jul-set;55(3):229-36.
Warnakulasuriya S. Global Epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal câncer. Oral Oncol. 2009 Apr-May;45(4-5):309-16.
Yang X, Chen X, Zhuang M, Yuan Z, Nie S, Lu M et al. Smoking and alcohol drinking in relation to the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A population-based case-control study in China. Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 8;7(1):17249.
Al-Jaber A, Al-Nasser L, MPH El-Metwally. Epidemiology of oral cancer in Arab countries - Systematic Review. Saudi Med J. 2016 Mar;37(3):249-55.
Amar A, Rapoport A, Curioni OA, Dedivitis RA, Cernea CR, Brandão LG. Prognostic value of regional metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of mouth. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Nov-Dec;79(6):734-7.
American Cancer Society. Survival Rates for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer [online]. 2018 [citado 2018 maio 30]. Disponível em: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html.
Barnes L, Eveson, JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Head and Neck Tumours. Lyon: IARC Press; 2005.
Batista AC, Costa NL, Oton-Leite AF, Mendonça EF, Alencar RCG, Silva TA. Distinctive clinical and microscopic features of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity and lip. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010 Mar;109(3):e74-9.
Bhanu Prasad V, Mallick S, Upadhyay AD, Rath GK. Systematic Review and individual patient data analisys of pediatric head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: An Analisy of 217 cases. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol.2017 Jan;92:75-81.
Bonfante GMS, Machado CJ, Alencar de Souza PE, Andrade EIG, Acurcio FA, Cherchiglia ML.Sobrevida de cinco anos e fatores associados ao câncer de boca para pacientes em tratamento oncológico ambulatorial pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil. Cad. Saúde Pública. 2014;30(5):983-97.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência. Tecnologia e Insumos Estratégicos Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia. Diretrizes Metodológicas - Elaboração de Revisão Sistemática e Metanálise de estudos observacionais comparativos sobre fatores de risco e prognóstico. Brasília (DF); 2004.
Brener S, Jeunon FA, Barbosa AA, Grandinetti HAM. Carcinoma de células escamosas bucal: uma revisão de literatura entre o perfil do paciente, estadiamento clínico e tratamento proposto. Rev Bras Cancerol. 2007;53(1):63-9.
Carvalho MB, Lenzi J, Lehn CN, Fava AS, Amar A, Kanda JL et al. Características clínico-epidemológicas do carcinoma epidermóide de cavidade oral no sexo feminino. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2001 jul-set;47(3):208-14.
Carvalho MV, Iglesias DPP, Nascimento GJF, Sobral APV. Epidemilogical Study of 534 biopsies of oral mucosal lesions in elderly Brazilian patients. Gerodontology. 2011 June;28(2):111-5.
Chen YK, Huang HC, Lin LM, Lin CC. Primary oral squamous cell carcinoma: an analysis of 703 cases in southern Taiwan. Oral Oncol.1999 Mar;35(2):173-9.
Dantas TS, de Barros Silva PG, Sousa EF, da Cunha MP, de Aguiar AS, Costa FW et al. Influence of Educational Level, Stage, and Histological Type on Survival of Oral Cancer in Brazilian Population – A Retrospective study of 10 Years Observation. Medicine (Baltimore).2016 Jan;95(3):e2314.
Durazzo MD, Araújo CEN, Brandão Neto JS, Potenza AS, Costa P, Takeda F et al. Clinical and epidemiological features of oral cancer in a medical school teaching hospital from 1994 to 2002: Increasing incidence in women, predominance of advanced local disease, and low incidence of neck metastases. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2005 Aug;60(4):293-8.
Faggons CE, Mabedi C, Shores CG, Gopal S. Review: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa. Malawi Med J. 2015 Sept;27(3):79-87.
Feller L, Chandran R, Khammissa RA, Meyerov R, Lemmer J. Alcohol and oral squamous cell carcinoma. SADJ. 2013 May;68(4):176-80.
Feller L, Lemmer J. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation and Treatment. J Canc Ther. 2012;3(4):263-8.
Francio F, SalumFG, Churubino K, Soares LY, Figueiredo MA. Perfil Epidemiológico de Portadores de Carcinoma Bucal do Serviço de Estomatologia HSL-PUCRS.Rev Odontol Bras Central. 2011;20(55):308-12.
Gervásio OLAS, Dutra RA, Tartaglia SMA, Vasconcelos WA, Barbosa AA, Aguiar MCF. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study of 740 Cases in a Brazilian Population. Braz Dent J. 2001;12(1):57-61.
Hamada GS, Bos AJG, Kasuga H, Hirayama T. Comparative Epidemiology of Oral Cancer in Brazil and India. Tokai J Exp Clin Med.1991 Mar;16(1):63-72 .
INCA. Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva. Estimativa 2018. Incidência de Câncer no Brasil. Síntese de Resultados e Comentários [online]. Rio de Janeiro: INCA; 2018 [citado 2018 jun 06]. Disponível em: http://www.inca.gov.br/estimativa/2018/sintese-de-resultados-comentarios.asp
Kademani D, Bell B, Bagheri S, Holmgren E, Dierks E, Potter B, Homer L. Prognostic Factors in Intraoral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Influence of Histologic Grade. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005 Nov;63(11):1599-605.
Köhler HF, Kowalski LP. Prognostic impact of the level of neck metastasis in oral cancer patients. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2012 Dec;78(6):15-20.
Lawal AO, Adisa AO, Effiom. OA. A review of 640 Oral squamous cell carcinoma cases in Nigeria. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017 June;9(6):e767–e771.
Li G, Li X, Yang M, Xu L, Deng S, Ran L. Prediction of biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma using microarray technology. Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 8;7:42105.
Lo WL, Kao SY, Chi LY, Wong YK, Chang RCS. Outcomes of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Taiwan after surgical therapy (factors affecting survival). J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003 July;61(7):751-8.
Losi-Guembarovski R, Menezes RP, Poliseli F, Chaves VN, Kuasne H, Leichsenring A et al. Oral carcinoma epidemiology in Paraná State, Southern Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2009 Feb;25(2):393-400.
Maleki D, Ghojazadeh M, Mahmoudi SS, Mahmoudi SM, Pournaghi-Azar F, Torab A et al. Epidemiology of Oral Cancer in Iran: a Systematic Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev.2015;16(13):5427-32.
Markopoulos AK. Current aspects on oral squamous cell carcinoma. Open Dent J. 2012;6:126-30.
Marocchio LS, Lima J, Sperandio FF, Corrêa L, de Sousa SOM. Oral Squamous cells carcinoma: na analysis of 1,564 cases showing advances in early detection. J Oral Sci. 2010 June;52(2):267-73.
Marques LA, Eluf-Neto J, Figueiredo RAO, de Góis-Filho JF, Kowalsky LP, Carvalho MB et al. Oral health, hygiene practices and oral cancer. Rev Saude Publica.2008 June;42(3):471-9.
Mashberg A, Boffetta P, Winkelman R, Garfinkel L. Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx among U.S. veterans. Cancer. 1993 Aug 15;72(4):1369-75.
Massano J, Regateiro FS, Januário G, Ferreira A. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Review of prognostic and predictive factors. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006 July;102(1):67-76.
Muñoz Guerra MF, Naval Gías L, Campo FR, Pérez JS. Marginal and segmental mandibulectomy in patients with oral cancer (a statistical analysis of 106 cases). J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003 Nov;61(11):1289-96.
Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot, JE. Patologia Oral e Maxilofacial. 3a ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2009.
Oliveira LR, Ribeiro-Silva A, Costa JPO, Simões AL, Di Matteo MAS, Zucoloto S. Prognostic factors and survival analysis in a sample of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008 Nov;106(5):685-95.
Oliveira ML, Wagner VP, Sant'ana Filho M, Carrard VC, Hugo FN, Martins MD. A 10-year analysis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma profile in patients from public health centers in Uruguay. Braz Oral Res. 2015;29. pii: S1806-83242015000100270.
Omura K. Current status of oral cancer treatment strategies: surgical treatments for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol. 2014;19(3):423-30.
Parker S, Tong T, Bolden S, Wingo PA. Cancer Statistics, 1997. CA Cancer J Clin. 1997 Jan-Feb;47(1):5-27.
Perussi MR, Denardin OVP, Fava AS, Rapoport A. Carcinoma epidermóide da boca em idosos de São Paulo. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2002;48(4):341-4.
Pimenta Amaral TA, Da Silva Freire AR, Carvalho AL, Pinto CA, Kowalski LP. Predictives factives of occult mettastasis and prognosis of clinical stages I and II squamous cell carcinoma of tongue and floor of the mouth. Oral Oncol.2004 Sept;40(8):780-6.
Pimenta Amaral TM, da Silva Freire AR, Carvalho AL, Pinto CA, Kowalski LP. Predictive factors of occult metastasis and prognosis of clinical stages I and II squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth.Oral Oncol. 2004 Sept;40(8):780-6.
Pires FR, Ramos AB, Oliveira JBC, Tavares AM, Luz PSR, Santos TCR. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: clinicopathological features from 346 cases from a single Oral Pathology service during an 8-year period. J Appl Oral Sci. 2013 Sept-Oct;21(5):460-7.
Pontes FS, Carneiro JT Jr, Fonseca FP, da Silva TS, Pontes HA, D Pinto Jr. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth: Analysis of survival rate and independent prognostic factors in the Amazon region. J Craniofac Surg. 2011 May;22(3):925-30.
Rotundo LDB, Toporcov TN, Biazevic GH, Carvalho MB, Kowalski LP, Antunes JLF. Há associação entre as feridas bucais por prótese dentária e risco de câncer de boca? Estudo caso-controle. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2013 set;16(3):705-15.
Saba NF, Goodman M, Ward K, Flowers C, Ramalingam S, Owonikoko T et al. Gender and Ethnic Disparities in Incidence and Survival of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue, Base of Tongue, and Tonsils: A Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program-Based Analysis. Oncology.2011;81(1):12-20.
Sano D, Myers JN. Metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2007 Dec;26(3-4):645-62.
Santos HB, Santos TK, Paz AR, Cavalcanti YW, Nonaka CF, Godoy GP et al. Oral squamous cell carcinoma in young patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2016 Mar 1;21(2):e151-6.
Santos LC, Batista OM, Cangussu MC. Characterization of oral cancer diagnostic delay in the state of Alagoas. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 July-Aug;76(4):416-22.
Schmidt BL, Dierks EJ, Homer L, Potter B. Tobacco smoking history and presentation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004 Sept;62(9):1055-8.
Sharma P, Saxena S, Aggarwal P. Trends in the epidemiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma in western UP: An institutional study. Indian J Dent Res. 2010 July-Sep;21(3):316-9.
Souza RL, Fonseca T, Santos CC, Corrêa GT, Santos FB, Cardoso CM et al. Lip squamous cell carcinoma in a Brazilian population: Epidemiological study and clinicopathological associations. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011 Sept 1;16(6):e757-62.
Stransky N, Egloff AM, Tward AD, Kostic AD, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A et al.The Mutational Landscape of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1157-60.
Teixeira AKM, Almeida MEL, Holanda ME, Sousa FB, Almeida PC. Carcinoma Espinocelular da Cavidade Bucal: um Estudo Epidemiológico na Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Fortaleza. Rev Bras Cancerol. 2009 jul-set;55(3):229-36.
Warnakulasuriya S. Global Epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal câncer. Oral Oncol. 2009 Apr-May;45(4-5):309-16.
Yang X, Chen X, Zhuang M, Yuan Z, Nie S, Lu M et al. Smoking and alcohol drinking in relation to the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A population-based case-control study in China. Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 8;7(1):17249.
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Copyright (c) 2019 Eber Coelho Paraguassu, Paulo Fabricio Ramos, Luciana Butini Oliveira, Lauane Monteiro Gentil, Alan Mesquita Santos, Sandro Rogerio Silva
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How to Cite
Paraguassu, E. C. ., Ramos, P. F. ., Oliveira, L. B. ., Gentil, L. M. ., Santos, A. M. . ., & da Silva, S. R. M. . (2019). Systematic review of the epidemiology of oral cancer in Brazil. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 7(4), 366-374. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss4.1431
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