Examining the Relationship between Tourists’ Personal Value Systems and Novelty-familiarity Preferences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss4.177Abstract
Value research has great potentials in understanding tourist motivation and behavior. Although it was unlikely that the market for any particular product could be segmented on the basis of value systems alone, marketers could gain a better understanding of consumers by incorporating values into their research with such traditional variables as demographics and preferences. The current study examined the relationship between tourists’ value systems depicted by Kahle’s List of Values (LOV) and tourists’ travel novelty dimensions revealed by the International Tourist Role (ITR) Scale. The study revealed five value systems of U.S. outbound leisure travelers in the sample. It further demonstrated that a causal relationship between values, attitudes and behaviors of consumers also existed in a tourism context.
References
L. Moutinho, “Consumer Behaviour in Tourism”, European Journal of Marketing, 1987, 21(10), pp. 1-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004718
A.G. Woodside and S. Lysonski, “A General Model of Traveler Destination Choice. Journal of Travel Research, 1989, 28(1), pp. 8-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728758902700402
R.E. Pitts and A.G. Woodside, “Personal Values and Travel Decisions”, Journal of Travel Research, 1986, 25(1), pp. 20-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728758602500104
Kahle, L.R. and S.G. Timmer, “A Theory and A Method for Studying Values”, In Kahle, L.R. (Ed.), Social Values and Social Change: Adaptation to Life in America, Praeger Publisher, New York, 1983, pp. 43-69.
Rokeach, M, Beliefs, Attitudes and Values: A theory of Organization and Change. Jossey-Bass Inc. Publishers, San Francisco, 1968.
Rokeach, M., The Nature of Human Values, The Free Press, New York, 1973.
E. Cohen, “Toward A Sociology of International Tourism”, Social Research, 1972, 39(1), pp. 164-182.
Mo, C., Developing an attitudinal scale for Cohen's tourist role typology, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 1991.
P.M. Homer and L.R. Kahle, “A Structural Equation Test of the Value-Attitude-Behavior Hierarchy”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1988, 54(4), pp. 638-646. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.4.638
L.R. Kahle, “Dialectical Tensions in the Theory of Social Value”, In Kahle, L.R. (Ed.), Social values and social change: Adaptation to life in America, Praeger Publisher, New York, 1983, pp, 275-284.
C. Mo, D. R. Howard, and M.E. Havitz, “Testing An International Tourist Role Typology”. Annals of Tourism Research, 1993, 20(2), pp. 319-335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(93)90058-B
J. Jiang, M.E. Havitz, and R. O'Brien, “Validating the International Tourist Role (ITR) Scale”, Annals of Tourism Research, 2000, 27(4), pp. 964-981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00111-5
Mitchell, A., The Nine American Lifestyles, Warren Books, New York, 1983.
R.E. Pitts and A.G. Woodside, “Special Issues: Examining the Structure of Personal Values and Consumer Decision Making”, Journal of Business Research, 1991, 22, pp. 91-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(91)90043-W
J.M. Munson and S.H. McIntyre, "Personal Values: A Cross-Cultural Assessment of Self Values Attributed to a Distant Cultural Stereotype", in Hunt, H.K., Contributions to Consumer Research, (Ed.), Association for Consumer Research, Chicago, 1978, pp. 165-166.
J.M. Munson and E.F. McQuarrie, “Shortening the Rokeach Value Survey for Use in Consumer Research”, Advances in Consumer Research, 1988, 15, pp. 381-386.[17] D.E. Vinson, J.D. Scott, and L.M. Lamont, "The Role of Personal Values in Marketing and Consumer Behavior", Journal of Marketing, 1977, 41, pp. 44-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224297704100215
Riche, M. F., “Pshchographics for the 1990s”, American Demographics, 1989 July, 11(7), pp. 24-26, 30, 31, 53, 54.
R.H. Holman, “A Values and Lifestyles Perspective on Human Behavior’, in Pitts, Jr., R.E., and A. G. Woodside (Eds.), Personal values and consumer psychology, Lesington Books, Lexington, MA, 1984, pp. 35-54.
D. Shih, “VALS as A Tool of Tourism Market Research: The Pennsylvania Experience”, Journal of Travel Research, 1986, 24(4), pp. 2-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728758602400401
M.F. Riche, “The Future of the Family”, American Demographics, 1991, 13(3), pp. 44-46.
Veroff, J., E. Douvan, and R.A. Kulka, The inner American: A self-portrait from 1957 to 1976. Basic Books, New York, 1981.
Feather, N.T., Values in Education and Society, Free Press, New York, 1975.
Maslow, A. H. Motivation and Personality, Parper and Row, New York, 1954.
S.E. Beatty, L.R. Kahle, P. Homer, and S. Misra, “Alternative Measurement Approaches to Consumer Values: The List of Values and the Rokeach Value Survey”, Psychology & Marketing, 1985, 2(3), pp. 181-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.4220020305
W.A. Kamakura and T.P. Novak, “Value-System Segmentation: Exploring the Meaning of LOV”, Journal of Consumer Research, 1992, 19(1), pp. 119-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/209291
R. Madrigal and L.R. Kahle, “Predicting Vacation Activity Preferences on the Basis of Value-System Segmentation. Journal of Travel Research, 1994, 32(3), pp. 22-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759403200304
L.R. Kahle, S.E. Beatty, and P. Homer, P., “Alternative measurement approaches to consumer values: The List of Values (LOV) and Values and Life Style (VALS)”, Journal of Consumer Research, 1986, 13(3), pp. 405-409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/209079
T.E. Muller, “Using personal values to define segments in an international tourism market. International Marketing Review, 1991, 8(1), pp. 57-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02651339110003952
S.H. Schwartz, W. Bilsky, “Toward A Universal Psychological Structure of Human Values”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1987, 53, pp. 550-562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.3.550
L.R. Kahle, “Social Values in the Eighties: A special Issue”, Psychology & Marketing, 1985, 2(4), pp. 231-237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.4220020403
E. Cohen, “Toward A Sociology of International Tourism”, Social Research, 1972, 39(1), pp. 164-182.
E. Cohen, “The Sociology of Tourism: Approaches, Issues, and Findings”, Annual Review of Sociology, 1984, 10, pp. 373-392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.10.080184.002105
D.J. Snepenger, “Segmenting the vacation market by novelty-seeking role. Journal of Travel Research, 1987, 26(2), pp. 8-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728758702600203
A. Yiannakis and H. Gibson, “Roles Tourists Play”, Annals of Tourism Research, 1992, 19(2), pp. 287-303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90082-Z
Jiang, E., Validating the International Tourist Role (ITR) Scale and Examining the Relationship between Tourists’ Past Travel Experience, Novelty-Seeking Preference, and Personal Values, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon, Eugene, 1995.
Pedhazur, E. J. and L.P. Schmelkin, Measurement, Design, and Analysis: An Integrated Approach. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1991.
Tabachnick, B. G. and L.S. Fidell, Using Multivariate Statistics. HarperCollins, New York, 1989.
Gorsuch, R. L., Factor Analysis (2nd ed.), Lawrence Ealbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1983.
Kim, J. O. and C.W. Mueller, Factor Analysis: Statistical Methods and Practical Issues. Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, 1978.
Pearce, P. L., The Ulysses Factor. Sringer-Verlag, New York, 1988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3924-6
Pearce, P. L., “Pleasure Travel Motivation”, in McIntosh, R. W., C. R. Goeldner, and J. R. B. Ritchie, Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies (7th ed.), John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995, pp. 167-178.
Kahle, L. R., Attitudes and Social Adaptation: A Person-Situation Interaction Approach, Pergamon Press, Oxford,1984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-026074-7.50007-0
Jöreskog, K. G. and D. Sörbom, LISREL 8: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS Command Language, Lawrence Ealbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1993.
A. Pizam and R. Calantone, “Beyond Psychographics—Values as Determinants of Tourist Behavior”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 1987, 6(3), pp. 177-181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4319(87)90052-1
K.A. Bollen and J.S. Long, “Introduction”, in Bollen, K.A. and J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing Structural Equation Models, Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA, 1993, pp. 1-9.
J.G. Beard and M.G. Ragheb, “Measuring Leisure Motivation”, Journal of Leisure Research, 1983, 15(3), pp. 219-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1983.11969557
J.L. Crompton, “Motivations for Pleasure Vacation”, Annals of Tourism Research, 1979, 6(4), pp. 408-424. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(79)90004-5
T.H. Lee and J. Crompton, “Measuring novelty seeking in tourism”, Annals of Tourism Research, 1992, 19, pp. 732-751. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90064-V
S. Shoemaker, “Segmenting the U.S. Travel Market according to Benefits Realized”, Journal of Travel Research, 1994, 27(3), pp. 8-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759403200303
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Jeff Jiang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyrights for articles published in IJIER journals are retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author for more visit Copyright & License.