Potential Effectiveness of TED talks in developing listening Reflections of Jordanian Participants in United Nations Police Monitors Courses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss10.1852Keywords:
listening, UN Police Monitors Courses, TED talksAbstract
This study examinesthe perceptions of participants in UN police monitors courses about the effectiveness of TED (technology, entertainment and design)talksin developing their listening. The researchersused a qualitative research design on25 purposefully-selected participants in the police monitor course held at the Jordanian police peacekeeping institute.
The TED talks-based program aimed at offering the participants opportunities for practicing listening and raising their awareness of the benefits of using TED talks for academic purposes. The training lasted for four weeks during the first police monitor course of 2018. The findings show that TED talks were reported to positively affect the participants' perceptions of the effectiveness of these talks in improving their listening. The participants were reportedly highly satisfied with the content, method and time of training as well as their interaction, motivation and benefit from it. The study concludes with several recommendations and implications for EFL teachers, educational policy makers, and textbook designers.
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References
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Bataineh, R.F., &Baniabdelrahman, A.A. (2006). Jordanian EFL students' perceptions of their computer literacy. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology, 2(2), 35-50. Retrieved 2 July 2018 from http://ijedict.dec.uwi.edu/viewarticle.php?id=169&layout=html.
Bataineh, R.F., Al-Hamad, R.F., & Al-Jamal, D. (2018). Gender and EFL writing: Does WhatsApp make a difference? Teaching English with Technology, 18(2), 21-33.
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Burleson, B. (2011). A Constructivist Approach to Listening. International Journal of Listening, 25 (1), 27-46.Retrieved10March2019 fromhttps://www.tandfonline. com/doi/abs/10.1080/10904018.2011.536470.
Celce-Murcia, M. (1987), Teaching Pronunciation as Communication. In J. Morley (Ed.), Current Perspectives on Pronunciation (5-12). Washington, D.C.: TESOL.
Chang, A.C. &Millett, S. (2014). The Effect of Extensive Listening on Developing L2 Listening Fluency: Some hard evidence. ELT Journal, 68 (1), 31–40.
Chawla, S., Dietze, S., Marenzi, I. &Fetahu, B. (2015). Exploring TED Talks as Linked Data for Education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46, (5), 1092–1096.
Cheung, Y. (2010).The Importance of Teaching Listening in the EFL Classroom. Retrieved3 April 2018 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED512082.pdf.
Dallinger, S., Jonkmann, K., Hollm, J. & Fiege, C. (2016). The Effect of Content and Language Integrated Learning on Students' English and History Competences – Killing two birds with one stone. Learning and Instruction, 41, 23-31.
El-Koumy, A.(1997). Effect of Cloze Instruction in EFL Listening Comprehension. ERIC Clearinghouse. Retrieved 12 June 2018 fromhttp://www.eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED411702.
Fang, X. (2011). Anxiety in EFL Listening Comprehension. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 1(12), 1-3.
Field, J. (2002). The Changing Face of Listening. In J. C. Richards & W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice (242-247). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Flowerdew, J. & Miller, L. (2005) Second Language Listening: Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fréchette, L. (2012). UN peacekeeping, twenty years of reform. CIGI papers. Retrieved 20 March 2019 from:https://www.cigionline.org/sites/default/files/un_peacekeeping_1.pdf.
Fushun, L. (2006). Faster, Normal or Slower? The Effects of Speech Rates on High-Intermediate ESL Learners' Listening Comprehension of Academic Lectures.Retrospectivetheses and Dissertations.
Gottlieb, M. H. (2006). Assessing English Language Learners: Bridges from Language Proficiency to Academic Achievement. Thousand oaks', California: Corwin press.
Griffiths, R. (1992). Speech rate and listening comprehension: Further evidence of the relationship. TESOL Quarterly, 26(2), 385-390.
Hashimoto, S., Fukuda, E. & Okazaki, H. (2015). Improving summarizing skills with TED talks: An account of a teaching lesson using explicit instruction. In F. Helm, L. Bradley, M. Guarda, & S. Thouësny (Eds.), Critical CALL – Proceedings of the 2015 EUROCALL conference, Padova, Italy, 228-234. Research-publishing.net. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2015.000338
Hill, B. & Slater, P. (1998). Network technology and language learning. Education Technology, 40(8), 374-379.
Hosogoshi, K. (2016). Effects of captions and subtitles on the listening process: Insights from EFL learners’ listening strategies. The JALT Call Journal, 12 (3), 153–178.
Hye, Y. & Kyung, W. (2015). Effects of shadowing using TED on EFL learners’.
Jaradat, K. (2008). The Role of Islamic Education in the Rationalizing of the Effects of Communication and Information Revolution. Unpublished doctoral dissertation: YarmoukUniversity. Irbid, Jordan.
Karia, A. (2013). How to open and close a TED talk. Retrieved 20 July 2018 from:https://akashkaria.com/wp-ontent/uploads/2014/01/HowtoOpenandCloseaTEDTalk.pdf
Keser, H., Huseyin, U. &Ozdamli, F. (2011). The trends in technology supported collaborative learning studies in 21st century. World Journal on Educational Technology, 3(2), 103-119.
Khuziakhmetov, A.N., &Porchesku, G.V. (2016). Teaching listening comprehension: Bottom-Up Approach. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education. 11(8), 1989-2001.
Koren, S. (1997). Listening to lectures in L2: Taking notes in L1. TESL-EJ, 2(4).Retrieved 30 June 2018 from: http://www.tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume2/ ej08/ej08a1/.
Kurt, S. (2010). Technology use in elementary education in Turkey: A case study. New Horizons in Education, 58(1), 65-76.
Lewkowicz, J. (1991). Testing listening comprehension: A new approach. Hongkong. Papers in Linguistics and Language Teaching, 14, 25-31.
Li, Y., Gao, Y., & Zhang, D. (2015). To speak like a TED speaker. A case study of TED motivated English public speaking study in EFL teaching. Higher Education Studies. 6(1), 53-59.
Ludewig, J. (2017). TED talks as an emergent genre. Comparative Literature and Culture 19 (1), 1-9. Retrieved 20 July 2018 from: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb/vol19/iss1/2/
Miller, R., & Lake, R. (2012). Federal barriers to innovation. Seattle University of Washington Center on Reinventing Public Education. Retrieved 10 September 2017from http://www.crpe.org.
Nunan, D. (2002). Listening in language learning. In J. C. Richards & W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice, (238-241). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
O’Connor, J. D. (1998). Better English pronunciation.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Obari, H., &Lambacher, S. (2014). Impact of a blended environment with m-learning on EFL skills. Proceedings of the 2014 EUROCALL Conference (pp.267-272), University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Retrieved 30 June 2018 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED565115.pdf
Ottenbreit, A., Glazewski, K.D., Newby, T.J., &Ertmer, P.A. (2010). Teacher value beliefs associated with using technology: Addressing professional and student needs. Computers & Education, 55(3), (1321-1335).
Pasupathi, M. (2013). Analyzing the effect of technology-based intervention in language laboratory to improve listening of first year engineering students. Profile: Issues in Teachers´ professional Development, 15(1), 125-138. Retrieved 4 April from https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/37873/40580
PETRA. (2014). Envoy highlights Jordan’s peacekeepingcontributions. The Jordan Times. Retrieved 10 October 2017 fromhttp://www.jordantimes.com/news/ local/un-envoy-highlights jordan%E2%80%99s-peacekeeping-contributions
Rank, R., Jef, C.& Patrick, J. (2014). Should TED talks be teaching us something? American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 78, 6, Article 113.Retrieved 11 March 2018 fromhttps://www.ajpe.org/doi/abs/10.5688/ajpe786113.
Richards, J. C. (2008). Teaching Listening and Speaking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Robinson, S.L., Sterling, H.E., Skinner, C. H. & Robinson, D.H. (1997). Effects of lecture rate on students' comprehension and ratings of topic importance. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 22, 260-267.
Rodinadze, S. &Zarbazoia, K. (2012).The advantages of information technology in teaching English language. Frontiers of Language and Teaching, 3, 271-274.
Rodri'guez, M. (2012). The importance of teaching speaking and listening skills. Retrieved 18 September 2017 from https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/119-2015-03-17-12.RocioSeguraAlonso2013.pdf.
Rost, M. (2005). L2 listening. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of Research inSecond Language Teaching and Learning (503-527). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Rubin, J. (2011). A review of second language listening comprehension research. The Modern Language Journal, 78(2), 199-221.
Ruthern, K.,Hennesy, S.,&Deany, R. (2005). Incorporation of Internet resources into classroom practice. Computers& Education, 44(1), 1-34.
Schmidt, A. (2016). Listening journals for extensive and intensive listening practice. English Teaching Forum, 54(2), 2-11. Retrieved 30 June 2018 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1104020.pdf.
Skills you need (n, d). Listening. Retrieved 15 March 2019 from https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/listening-skills.html#ixzz3HCNoQGlL.
Smidt, E. &Hegelheimer, V. (2004). Effects of online academic lectures on ESL listening comprehension, incidental vocabulary acquisition, and strategy use. Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 17(5), 517-556.
Takaesu, A. (2013). TED talks as an extensive listening resource for EAP students. Language Education in Asia, 4(2), 150-162.
TED talks (2014). Our organization. Retrieved 10 September 2017 from https://www.ted.com/about/our-organization
Thorn, S. (2009). Mining listening texts. Modern English Teacher, 18(2): 5–13.
Turgut, G. (2011). A case study on the use of one-to-one laptops in English as second language classrooms. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 3(4), 28-47. Retrieved 10 December 2016 from http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/ detail?accno=ED537755.
Valeeva, R.A., Aitov, V.F., &Bulatbayeva, A.A. (2016). The levels of English language acquisition on the basis of problem-solving and product-oriented tasks in the multilingualsocial medium. Mathematics Education, 11(1), 255-262.
Vandergrift, L. (1999). Facilitating second language listening comprehension: Acquiring successful strategies. ELT journal, 53(3), 168-176.
Wang, S. (2015). An empirical study on the role of vocabulary knowledge in EFL listening comprehension. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 5, (5), 989-995.
Wallace, M. (2010). Searching for a new approach to listening. Accents Asia, 5(1), 8-22. Retrieved13 March 2018 fromhttp://www.issues.accentsasia.org/issues/5-1/wallace.pdf.
Wingfield, A. (2000). Speech perception and the comprehension of spoken language in adult aging. In D. Park & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Cognitive Aging: A Primer, (175–195). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Psychology press.
Woodall, B. (2010). Simultaneous listening and reading in ESL: Helping second language learners lead (and enjoy reading) more efficiently. TESOL Journal, 1(2), 186-205.
Wong, R. (1997). Teaching Pronunciation: Focus on English Rhythm and Intonation. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regent
Wong, D., Jhaveri, A. (2015). English Language Education in a Global World: Practices, Issues and Challenges. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Xiaojun, H. &Leshan, N. (2015). CAI and its application in rural junior English class.English Language Teaching, 8(11) 11-16.
Xiaoqiong, H. &Xianxing, J. (2008). Using film to teach EFL students English language skills. Changing English, 15(2) 235-240.
Yaniawati, P. (2013). E-Learning to improve higher order thinking skills (HOTS) of Students. Journal of Education and Learning, 7(2) 109- 120.
Yunkul, C. (2010). The importance of teaching listening in EFL classroom. Retrieved 20 December 2016 from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED512082.pdf.
Alnaouachi, Q. (2010).TheUse of Information Technology and Communication in Education. Amman: Dar Wael for Publication.
Amory, A. (2007). It's not about the tool, it's about the ideology. South African Journal of Higher Education, 21(6), 657-673.
Baniabdelrahman, A.A., Bataineh, R.F., &Bataineh, R.F. (2007). An exploratory study of Jordanian EFL students’ perceptions of their use of the Internet. Teaching English with Technology, 7(3). Retrieved 2 July 2018 from http://tewtjournal.org/issues/past-issue-2007/past-issue-2007-issue-3.
Bataineh, R.F., &Baniabdelrahman, A.A. (2006). Jordanian EFL students' perceptions of their computer literacy. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology, 2(2), 35-50. Retrieved 2 July 2018 from http://ijedict.dec.uwi.edu/viewarticle.php?id=169&layout=html.
Bataineh, R.F., Al-Hamad, R.F., & Al-Jamal, D. (2018). Gender and EFL writing: Does WhatsApp make a difference? Teaching English with Technology, 18(2), 21-33.
Bernard, E. (1996). Teacher Education Redesign Competencies in Educational Technology. [Washington, D.C.] : Distributed by ERIC Clearinghouse, http://www.eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED192770.
Buck, G. (2001). Assessing Listening. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Burleson, B. (2011). A Constructivist Approach to Listening. International Journal of Listening, 25 (1), 27-46.Retrieved10March2019 fromhttps://www.tandfonline. com/doi/abs/10.1080/10904018.2011.536470.
Celce-Murcia, M. (1987), Teaching Pronunciation as Communication. In J. Morley (Ed.), Current Perspectives on Pronunciation (5-12). Washington, D.C.: TESOL.
Chang, A.C. &Millett, S. (2014). The Effect of Extensive Listening on Developing L2 Listening Fluency: Some hard evidence. ELT Journal, 68 (1), 31–40.
Chawla, S., Dietze, S., Marenzi, I. &Fetahu, B. (2015). Exploring TED Talks as Linked Data for Education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46, (5), 1092–1096.
Cheung, Y. (2010).The Importance of Teaching Listening in the EFL Classroom. Retrieved3 April 2018 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED512082.pdf.
Dallinger, S., Jonkmann, K., Hollm, J. & Fiege, C. (2016). The Effect of Content and Language Integrated Learning on Students' English and History Competences – Killing two birds with one stone. Learning and Instruction, 41, 23-31.
El-Koumy, A.(1997). Effect of Cloze Instruction in EFL Listening Comprehension. ERIC Clearinghouse. Retrieved 12 June 2018 fromhttp://www.eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED411702.
Fang, X. (2011). Anxiety in EFL Listening Comprehension. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 1(12), 1-3.
Field, J. (2002). The Changing Face of Listening. In J. C. Richards & W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice (242-247). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Flowerdew, J. & Miller, L. (2005) Second Language Listening: Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fréchette, L. (2012). UN peacekeeping, twenty years of reform. CIGI papers. Retrieved 20 March 2019 from:https://www.cigionline.org/sites/default/files/un_peacekeeping_1.pdf.
Fushun, L. (2006). Faster, Normal or Slower? The Effects of Speech Rates on High-Intermediate ESL Learners' Listening Comprehension of Academic Lectures.Retrospectivetheses and Dissertations.
Gottlieb, M. H. (2006). Assessing English Language Learners: Bridges from Language Proficiency to Academic Achievement. Thousand oaks', California: Corwin press.
Griffiths, R. (1992). Speech rate and listening comprehension: Further evidence of the relationship. TESOL Quarterly, 26(2), 385-390.
Hashimoto, S., Fukuda, E. & Okazaki, H. (2015). Improving summarizing skills with TED talks: An account of a teaching lesson using explicit instruction. In F. Helm, L. Bradley, M. Guarda, & S. Thouësny (Eds.), Critical CALL – Proceedings of the 2015 EUROCALL conference, Padova, Italy, 228-234. Research-publishing.net. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2015.000338
Hill, B. & Slater, P. (1998). Network technology and language learning. Education Technology, 40(8), 374-379.
Hosogoshi, K. (2016). Effects of captions and subtitles on the listening process: Insights from EFL learners’ listening strategies. The JALT Call Journal, 12 (3), 153–178.
Hye, Y. & Kyung, W. (2015). Effects of shadowing using TED on EFL learners’.
Jaradat, K. (2008). The Role of Islamic Education in the Rationalizing of the Effects of Communication and Information Revolution. Unpublished doctoral dissertation: YarmoukUniversity. Irbid, Jordan.
Karia, A. (2013). How to open and close a TED talk. Retrieved 20 July 2018 from:https://akashkaria.com/wp-ontent/uploads/2014/01/HowtoOpenandCloseaTEDTalk.pdf
Keser, H., Huseyin, U. &Ozdamli, F. (2011). The trends in technology supported collaborative learning studies in 21st century. World Journal on Educational Technology, 3(2), 103-119.
Khuziakhmetov, A.N., &Porchesku, G.V. (2016). Teaching listening comprehension: Bottom-Up Approach. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education. 11(8), 1989-2001.
Koren, S. (1997). Listening to lectures in L2: Taking notes in L1. TESL-EJ, 2(4).Retrieved 30 June 2018 from: http://www.tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume2/ ej08/ej08a1/.
Kurt, S. (2010). Technology use in elementary education in Turkey: A case study. New Horizons in Education, 58(1), 65-76.
Lewkowicz, J. (1991). Testing listening comprehension: A new approach. Hongkong. Papers in Linguistics and Language Teaching, 14, 25-31.
Li, Y., Gao, Y., & Zhang, D. (2015). To speak like a TED speaker. A case study of TED motivated English public speaking study in EFL teaching. Higher Education Studies. 6(1), 53-59.
Ludewig, J. (2017). TED talks as an emergent genre. Comparative Literature and Culture 19 (1), 1-9. Retrieved 20 July 2018 from: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb/vol19/iss1/2/
Miller, R., & Lake, R. (2012). Federal barriers to innovation. Seattle University of Washington Center on Reinventing Public Education. Retrieved 10 September 2017from http://www.crpe.org.
Nunan, D. (2002). Listening in language learning. In J. C. Richards & W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice, (238-241). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
O’Connor, J. D. (1998). Better English pronunciation.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Obari, H., &Lambacher, S. (2014). Impact of a blended environment with m-learning on EFL skills. Proceedings of the 2014 EUROCALL Conference (pp.267-272), University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Retrieved 30 June 2018 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED565115.pdf
Ottenbreit, A., Glazewski, K.D., Newby, T.J., &Ertmer, P.A. (2010). Teacher value beliefs associated with using technology: Addressing professional and student needs. Computers & Education, 55(3), (1321-1335).
Pasupathi, M. (2013). Analyzing the effect of technology-based intervention in language laboratory to improve listening of first year engineering students. Profile: Issues in Teachers´ professional Development, 15(1), 125-138. Retrieved 4 April from https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/37873/40580
PETRA. (2014). Envoy highlights Jordan’s peacekeepingcontributions. The Jordan Times. Retrieved 10 October 2017 fromhttp://www.jordantimes.com/news/ local/un-envoy-highlights jordan%E2%80%99s-peacekeeping-contributions
Rank, R., Jef, C.& Patrick, J. (2014). Should TED talks be teaching us something? American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 78, 6, Article 113.Retrieved 11 March 2018 fromhttps://www.ajpe.org/doi/abs/10.5688/ajpe786113.
Richards, J. C. (2008). Teaching Listening and Speaking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Robinson, S.L., Sterling, H.E., Skinner, C. H. & Robinson, D.H. (1997). Effects of lecture rate on students' comprehension and ratings of topic importance. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 22, 260-267.
Rodinadze, S. &Zarbazoia, K. (2012).The advantages of information technology in teaching English language. Frontiers of Language and Teaching, 3, 271-274.
Rodri'guez, M. (2012). The importance of teaching speaking and listening skills. Retrieved 18 September 2017 from https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/119-2015-03-17-12.RocioSeguraAlonso2013.pdf.
Rost, M. (2005). L2 listening. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of Research inSecond Language Teaching and Learning (503-527). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Rubin, J. (2011). A review of second language listening comprehension research. The Modern Language Journal, 78(2), 199-221.
Ruthern, K.,Hennesy, S.,&Deany, R. (2005). Incorporation of Internet resources into classroom practice. Computers& Education, 44(1), 1-34.
Schmidt, A. (2016). Listening journals for extensive and intensive listening practice. English Teaching Forum, 54(2), 2-11. Retrieved 30 June 2018 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1104020.pdf.
Skills you need (n, d). Listening. Retrieved 15 March 2019 from https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/listening-skills.html#ixzz3HCNoQGlL.
Smidt, E. &Hegelheimer, V. (2004). Effects of online academic lectures on ESL listening comprehension, incidental vocabulary acquisition, and strategy use. Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 17(5), 517-556.
Takaesu, A. (2013). TED talks as an extensive listening resource for EAP students. Language Education in Asia, 4(2), 150-162.
TED talks (2014). Our organization. Retrieved 10 September 2017 from https://www.ted.com/about/our-organization
Thorn, S. (2009). Mining listening texts. Modern English Teacher, 18(2): 5–13.
Turgut, G. (2011). A case study on the use of one-to-one laptops in English as second language classrooms. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 3(4), 28-47. Retrieved 10 December 2016 from http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/ detail?accno=ED537755.
Valeeva, R.A., Aitov, V.F., &Bulatbayeva, A.A. (2016). The levels of English language acquisition on the basis of problem-solving and product-oriented tasks in the multilingualsocial medium. Mathematics Education, 11(1), 255-262.
Vandergrift, L. (1999). Facilitating second language listening comprehension: Acquiring successful strategies. ELT journal, 53(3), 168-176.
Wang, S. (2015). An empirical study on the role of vocabulary knowledge in EFL listening comprehension. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 5, (5), 989-995.
Wallace, M. (2010). Searching for a new approach to listening. Accents Asia, 5(1), 8-22. Retrieved13 March 2018 fromhttp://www.issues.accentsasia.org/issues/5-1/wallace.pdf.
Wingfield, A. (2000). Speech perception and the comprehension of spoken language in adult aging. In D. Park & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Cognitive Aging: A Primer, (175–195). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Psychology press.
Woodall, B. (2010). Simultaneous listening and reading in ESL: Helping second language learners lead (and enjoy reading) more efficiently. TESOL Journal, 1(2), 186-205.
Wong, R. (1997). Teaching Pronunciation: Focus on English Rhythm and Intonation. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regent
Wong, D., Jhaveri, A. (2015). English Language Education in a Global World: Practices, Issues and Challenges. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Xiaojun, H. &Leshan, N. (2015). CAI and its application in rural junior English class.English Language Teaching, 8(11) 11-16.
Xiaoqiong, H. &Xianxing, J. (2008). Using film to teach EFL students English language skills. Changing English, 15(2) 235-240.
Yaniawati, P. (2013). E-Learning to improve higher order thinking skills (HOTS) of Students. Journal of Education and Learning, 7(2) 109- 120.
Yunkul, C. (2010). The importance of teaching listening in EFL classroom. Retrieved 20 December 2016 from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED512082.pdf.
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Alrefai, A., & Bataineh, R. (2019). Potential Effectiveness of TED talks in developing listening Reflections of Jordanian Participants in United Nations Police Monitors Courses. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 7(10), 929-944. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss10.1852
