A Critical and Semiotic Analysis of the Shift in Women’s Erotic and Romantic Roles in Action Movies and Movie Posters across Three Eras of Hollywood

Authors

  • Maryam Abdali Dehchenari Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • Mardziah Hayati Abdullah Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • Wong Bee Eng Universiti Putra Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss6.192

Keywords:

stereotype, semiotics, erotic role, romantic role, Hollywood era

Abstract

Adopting CDA and social semiotic analytical frameworks, the research investigated 30 action movies and accompanying posters from 1930 to 2012, with the following objectives: (1) to examine verbal and non-verbal elements in women’s representation, and (2) to trace significant changes in the romantic and erotic roles of female characters across three eras of Hollywood. Lovers showed their emotions in the most appealing and polite manner during the classical era, but they were more multifaceted during the last two eras. The new Hollywood era turned a blind eye to skin color by including indigenous lovers in the starring roles in movies and portraying them in movie posters. The post-classical movies contained the highest number of erotic roles. Women were shown in the most demeaning forms with nudity or seductive poses in the post-classical movie posters. Women used the most impolite speech in the post-classical movies. They were also addressed as sex objects by male leads in this era.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Maryam Abdali Dehchenari, Universiti Putra Malaysia

    Department of English Language, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication

  • Mardziah Hayati Abdullah, Universiti Putra Malaysia

    Department of English Language, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication

  • Wong Bee Eng, Universiti Putra Malaysia

    Department of English Language, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication

References

Adamson, J. Indigenous literatures, Multinaturalism and Avatar: The emergence of Indigenous cosmopolitics, America Literary History, 24(1), 143-162. 2012. [2] Black, J. The politics of James Bond: From Fleming’s novels to the big screen, University of Nebraska Press. 2005.[3] Bordwell, D. Making meaning: Inference and rhetoric in the interpretation of cinema. Harvard University Press. .1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajr053

Bordwell, D. Staiger, J. & Thompson, K. The Classical Hollywood Cinema:Film style & mode of production to 1960. Routledge. 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1772109

Bourdieu, P. & Wacquant, L. J. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago, USA: The University of Chicago Press. 1992. [6] Brown, J. Gender and action heroine: Hard bodies and the point of no return. Cinema Journal. 35(3), 55-71. 1996. [7] Brown, J. Dangerous curves: Action heroines, gender, fetishism and popular culture. University Press of Mississippi. 2011.

Caplen, P. A. Shaken and stirred: The feminism of James Bond. Xlibris Corporation. 2010.

Fairclough, N. Language and power. London: Longman. 1989.

Fairclough, N. Critical Discourse Analysis, London: Longman.1995.

Gaines, V. M. The emergence of feminine humanity from a technologised masculinity in the films of James Cameron. Journal of Theology & Religion. 2(4), 1-41. 2011.

Gallagher, M. Action Figures: Men, action films and contemporary adventure narratives, Palgrave Macmillan.2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403977236

Gerhard, J. Desiring revolution: Second-wave Feminism and the rewriting of American sexual thought 1920 to 1982. Columbia University Press. 2000. [14] Griffin, E. A first look at communication theory (6thed.), Boston: McGraw-Hill. 2006. [15] Grindstaff, L. “A Pygmalion tale retold: Remaking La Femme Nikita”. Camera Obscura. 16 (247), 133-175. 2001. [16] Heij, C. Women fighting their lovers in contemporary Hollywood films. Paper presented at “the world As We See It”, South Africa: University of Stellenbosch. 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-16-2_47-133

Jewitt, C. & Oyama R.(2001). Visual meaning: A social semiotic approach. In T. Van Leeuwen & C. Jewitt (Eds.) A Handbook of Visual Analysis. (pp.134-156). London: Sage Publications. 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857020062.n7

Kaplan, E. A. Women and film. Routledge. 2002.

Kelly, A. Cinema and the Great War. Routldge. 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203992166

King, G. New Hollywood cinema, an introduction. New York: Colombia University Press.2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9780755699384

King, N. Generic womanhood: Gendered depictions in cop action cinema. Gender & Society. 22(2), 238-260. 2008.[22] Kress, G. & van Leeuwen, T. Reading Images. Melbourne, VIC: Deakin University Press. 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243207310715

Lakoff, R. Language and Woman's Place. New York: Harper & Row. 1975.

Langford. T. & MacKinnon, N. Y. “The affective bases for the gendering of traits: Comparing the United States and Canada”. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63, 34-48. 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2695879

Lincoln, Y. S. &. Guba, E. G. Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions and emerging confluences. In N. K. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln. Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed.) (pp.163-188). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2000.

McGhee, R. D. John Wayne: Actor, artist, hero. McFarland. 1999.

Mizejewski, L. Hardboiled and high heeled: The women detective in popular culture. New York: Routledge. 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203489789

Negra, D. Off-white Hollywood: American culture and ethnic female stardom. Routldge. 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203996584

Press, A. “Has feminism caused a wrinkle on the face of Hollywood cinema? A tentative appraisal of the 90's”. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the InternationalCommunication Association, Marriott Hotel, San Diego, CA Online, 2003.

Retrieved June 11, 2012 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p111815_index.html.

Ramoutar, N. A. The color of love on the big screen: The portrayal of women in Hollywood films in interracial relationships. Published PhD thesis, University of Florida, United States. 2006.

Schubart, R. The Sigourney Weaver: the Alien series and the mother archetype. In R. Schubart, Super bitches and action babes: The female hero in popular cinema, 1970-2006. (pp.169-219). McFarland & Company, Inc. 2007.

Steinke, J. Representations of gender and science. Science Communication. 27(1), 27-63. 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547005278610

Tasker, Y. Spectacular Bodies: Gender. Genre and the Action Cinema. Published PhD dissertation, University of Warwick, England. 1995.

Tasker, Y. Action and adventure cinema. Routledge. 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203645154

Van Ginneken, J. (2007).Screening Difference: How Hollywood’s Blockbuster Films Imagine Race, Ethnicity, and Culture. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.

Varner, P. The A to Z westerns in cinema, Scarecrow Press. 2009.

Wood, J. Gendered lives: Communication, gender and culture. Wadsworth. 2009.

Wright, J. C. Twas beauty killed the beast. In D. Brin, An authorized looks at humongous ape: King Kong is back, (pp 197-212). Benbella Books. 2005.

Downloads

Published

2014-06-01

How to Cite

Dehchenari, M. A., Abdullah, M. H., & Eng, W. B. (2014). A Critical and Semiotic Analysis of the Shift in Women’s Erotic and Romantic Roles in Action Movies and Movie Posters across Three Eras of Hollywood. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 2(6), 25-39. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss6.192