Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Niche-Malaysian Teacher Leadership Measurement Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss7.203Abstract
Teacher leadership is an increasingly popular concept to be implemented and utilized by practitioners and researches in their studies. Thus, the study aimed to determine the relevancy and applicability of Niche-Malaysian Teacher Leadership (NMTL) measurement model in Malaysian context. The NMTL measurement model which was originally consisted of 34 items with 7 principles, may address an early indication of the teacher leadership standards in the Malaysian classrooms. It was generated through literature review and comprehensive discussions with a group of schoolteachers. The measurement model was then distributed to the 169 schoolteachers, who were required to respond to a 7-point Likert scale. The respondents were selected through purposive sampling procedure. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20.0 and Amos version 22.0 software packages. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted prior to performing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Thus, the NMTL measurement model should be able to clarify the standard of teachers’ leadership in Malaysian classrooms. Implications for the use of this instrument for further research are also explored.
References
A. Schleicher, “Ed., Preparing Teachers and Developing School Leaders for the 21st Century: Lessons from around the World”, OECD Publishing. Internet: www.oecd.org/site/eduistp2012/49850576.pdf, 2012 [Mar. 29, 2014]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264174559-en
Hurst, B., and Reding, G., Professionalism in teaching. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000.
R. Rockets, “Dispositions of Teachers and Teacher Leaders.” Power Point Slides to be used in conjunction with the Facilitator’s Guide. Internet: http://www.readingrockets.org/article/24932, 2008 [Mar. 7, 2014].
Jack J. Philips, Patricia Pulliam Phillips and Rebecca L. Ray, Measuring Leadership Development: Quantify Your Program’s Impact and ROI on Organizational Performance. New York: McGraw Hill, 2012.
C. Day, P. Sammons, A. Harris, D. Hopkins, K. Leithwood, Q. Gu, C. Penlington, P. Mehta, and A. Kington, “The Impact of School Leadership on Pupil Outcomes,” DfES Interim Report (Year 1). London: Department for Children, Schools and Families. Internet: http://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/DCSF-RR018, 2007 [Mar. 10, 2014]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430701800045
Darling-Hammond, L., Educating Teachers: The Academy’s greatest failure or its most important future? Academe 95 (1), 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/40251715
Crowther, F, Kaagan, S S, Ferguson, M, & Hann, L., Developing Teacher leaders: How Teacher Leadership Enhances School Success, Sage Publications, California, 2002.
Crowther, F., Hann, L., & Andrews, D., Rethinking the Role of the School Principal: Successful School Improvement in the Postindustrial Era, The Practising Administrator, Australia, 2002.
Institute for Educational Leadership, Leadership for Student Learning: Redefining the Teacher as Leader, School Leadership for the 21st Century Initiative: A Report of the Task Force on Teacher Leadership, Washington D.C., April, 2001.
R. Best, “Pastoral Care in Schools: Some Implications for Teacher Training,” Australian Journal of Teacher Education, vol.15, No. 1, 1990, pp.14-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.1990v15n1.2
Andrews, D., Crowther, F., Hann, L., & McMaster, J., Teachers as leaders: RE-imaging the profession, The Practising Administrator, (1), 2002.
Crochran-Smith, M., “Learning to teach against the (new) grain”, Journal of Teacher Education, 52(1), 2001, pp. 3-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487101052001001
Lieberman, A., & L. Miller., Teacher leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2004.
Westheimer, J., Among school teachers: community, autonomy, and ideology in teachers’ work. New York: Teachers College Press, 1998.
Little, J. W. and Bartlett, L. Career and commitment in the context of comprehensive school reform. Theory and Practice, 8(3), 2002, pp. 345–354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/135406002100000486
Huberman, M., The lives of teachers, ser.: Teacher development. London: Teacher College Press and Cassell Villiers House, 1993.
Javrh, P., Phase model of Slovenian teachers’ career development. Contemporary Pedagogy, volume 5, str. 2007, pp. 70-88.
McLaughlin M. W. & J. E. Talbert., Professional communities and the work of high school teaching. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001.
Lambert L, et al., The Constructivist Leader. New York: Teachers’ Press, 2003.
Barth, R. S., Lessons learned: shaping relationships and the culture of the workplace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2003.
Glickman, C.D., Leadership for learning: how to help teachers succeed. Alexandria; Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 2002.
Fullan, M.G., Teacher leadership: a failure to conceptualize. In D.R. Walling (ed.). Teachers as leaders: perspectives on the professional development of teacher. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa educational Foundation, 1994, pp. 241-253.
Hargreaves, A. & D. Fink., Sustainable leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2006.
Nias, J., Teachers’ moral purposes: stress, vulnerability, and strength. In R. Vanddenberghe & A. M. Huberman (eds.) Understanding and preventing teacher burnout: a sourcebook of international research and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 223-237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511527784.015
Strong, M., & L. St. John., A study of teacher retention: the effects of mentoring for beginning teacher. Santa Cruz, CA: University of California, Santa Cruz, 2001.
Thiessen, D. & S. E. Anderson., Transforming learning communities: getting into the habit of Change in Ohio schools—a cross-case study of 12 transforming learning communities. Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto, 1999.
Teacher Leadership Exploratory Consortium. Teacher Leader Model Standards. Retrieved from
http://www.teacherleaderstandards.org/downloads/TLS_Brochure_sm.pdf. 2011 [Mar 12, 2014].
Netemeyer, R.G., W.O. Bearden and S. Sharma., Scaling Procedures. Sage Publications, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412985772
Hair, J.F., R.E. Anderson, R.L. Tatham and W.C. Black, Multivariate Data Analysis. 7thed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2010.
Brown, T. A., Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. (D. A. Kenny, Ed.). London: The Guildford Press, 2006.
Kim, H. K., & Bruno D. Z., “Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Testing Measurement Invariance in Mixed Item Format Data”, Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, Volume 7, No.2, 2008, pp. 471-477. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1225512660
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R., Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1993, pp. 136-162.
Joreskog, K. G., & Sorbom, D., LISREL VI: Analysis of linear structural relationships by the method of maximum likelihood. Chicago: National Educational Resources, 1984.
Bentler, P. M., Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 1990, pp. 238-246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
Bentler, P. M. & Bonett, D. G., Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 1980, pp. 588-606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588
Bollen, K. A., A new incremental fit index for general structured equation models. Sociological Methods and Research, 17, 1989, pp. 303-316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124189017003004
Marsh, H. W., & Hocevar, D., Application of confirmatory factor analysis to the study of self-concept: First- and higher order factor models and their invariance across groups. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 1985, pp. 562–582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.97.3.562
Schumacker, R.E., & R.G. Lomax, A beginner’s guide to structural equation modelling. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410610904
Holmes-Smith, P., Coote. L., & Cunningham, E., Structural Equation Modeling: From the Fundamental to Advanced Topics, Melbourne: Streams, 2006.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Fanny Kho Chee Yuet, Hamidah Yusof, Syed Ismail Syed Mohamad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyrights for articles published in IJIER journals are retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author for more visit Copyright & License.
How to Cite
