Effects of environmental exposure to tobacco on modulation of color vision

Mariana Nunes  Fabricio; Bruna Sthefanny  da Cunha Ferreira; Helena Beatriz  Moura Martins; Ruan Carlos  Silva de Jesus; Mauro César de Oliveira; Givago  da Silva Souza; Carlos Tomaz; Eliza Maria  da Costa Brito Lacerda

doi:10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss7.2471

Authors

Mariana Nunes Fabricio Laboratory of Neurociences and Behavior and Graduate Program in Environment, CEUMA University - UniCEUMA, São Luís 65075-120 MA, Brazil
Bruna Sthefanny da Cunha Ferreira Laboratory of Neurociences and Behavior and Graduate Program in Environment, CEUMA University - UniCEUMA, São Luís 65075-120 MA, Brazil
Helena Beatriz Moura Martins Laboratory of Neurociences and Behavior and Graduate Program in Environment, CEUMA University - UniCEUMA, São Luís 65075-120 MA, Brazil
Ruan Carlos Silva de Jesus Laboratory of Neurociences and Behavior and Graduate Program in Environment, CEUMA University - UniCEUMA, São Luís 65075-120 MA, Brazil
Mauro César de Oliveira Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
Givago da Silva Souza Tropical Medicine Institute, Federal University of Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil
Carlos Tomaz a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:16:"CEUMA University";}
Eliza Maria da Costa Brito Lacerda Laboratory of Neurociences and Behavior and Graduate Program in Environment, CEUMA University - UniCEUMA, São Luís 65075-120 MA, Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss7.2471

Keywords:

smoking, color vision, environment, active and passive smokers

Abstract

The chronic use of cigarettes causes toxic and oxidative effects on the visual system, which can cause changes in color vision. Although there are studies on the harmful effects of tobacco in active smokers, the literature on secondhand/passive smokers (or environmental tobacco smoke) is still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the ability of color vision in active and passive smokers. This is a cross-sectional observational study in which 103 individuals were divided pseudorandomly into 3 groups: control group (CG) n = 44 individuals (72 eyes), with a mean age of 28.65 ± 7.90; group of passive smokers (GPS) n = 28 (56 eyes), mean age 28.74 ± 9.42; group of active smokers (GAS) n = 31 (60 eyes), mean age 34.91 ± 11.30. The psychophysical evaluation of color vision was performed using the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates, the computer program of the Freiburg Visual Acuity & Contrast Test, version 3.7, and the desaturated Lanthony D15 ordering test. The results indicate that there was no correlation in GAS and GPS with age, time of exposure to tobacco and daily consumption. It was observed that both GAS and GPS showed changes in visual acuity (P <0.05), and only GPS showed changes in color vision (P <0.05); GFP showed a deficit in visual acuity and worse color vision when compared to GAS (P <0.05). These results are discussed in relation to the biochemical and pathophysiological effects that exposure to cigarettes may have on the visual system, which would explain the functional changes observed. We conclude that passive and active smokers have impaired color vision and that the psychophysical methods used in this study are effective for the subclinical tracking of changes in color vision.

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