Challenges in Primary Level Inclusive Education in Bangladesh

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss11.3453

Keywords:

Education for all, Inclusive, Challenges, Bangladesh

Abstract

Bangladesh’s step towards inclusive education was given incentive by its involvement in major international declarations. Bangladesh agreed with the declaration of Education for All, in which education is to be provided to all children with an inclusive approach. In addition, Bangladesh is also committed to achieve Millennium Development Goals, which articulated the rights of all children into education through uniform system. It is important to note that the trend of enacting inclusive education policy and legislation in Bangladesh is mainly based upon the international treaties. The purpose of this paper is to highlight challenges in inclusive education for the policy formulators, implementers, and future researchers to take measures accordingly to universalize inclusive education in the country. The challenges identified in inclusive education concerned unfulfilled requirements of children with special needs, unfriendly situation, inadequate material and non-conforming curriculum, misinterpretation and mismanagement by stakeholders, restricted political and social backing, and adverse physiography. Pre-service training of teachers, along with continued assessment, collaboration and coordination to overcome challenges of inclusive schooling is recommended.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • S.J.M. Ummul Ambia, Bangladesh Health Professions Institute

    Lecturer

  • Md. Shafiqur Rahman, Directorate General of Health Services

    Consultant, Communicable Disease Control Unit

References

UNESCO. Education for All (EFA). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1990. https://unevoc.unesco.org/home/Education+For+All.

UNESCO. The Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action on Special Needs Education, 1994. https://www.european-agency.org/sites/default/files/salamanca-statement-and-framework.pdf.

UNESCO. The Dakar Framework for Action. World Education Forum, 2000. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000121147.

United Nations Human Rights. 2008. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. UNHR, 2008. https://www.ohchr.org/documents/publications/advocacytool_en.pdf.

M.S. Malak, H.A. Begum, M.A. Habib, M.S. Banu, and M.M. Roshid, “Inclusive Education in Bangladesh: Are the Guiding Principles Aligned with Successful Practices?”, Equality in Education, Brill, 2014, pp. 107-124. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789462096929/BP000010.xml DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-692-9_9

M.S. Malak, H.A. Begum, M.A. Habib, M. Shaila, and M.M. Roshid, “Inclusive Education in Bangladesh: Policy and Practice”, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE), Adelaide, Australia, 2013, pp. 1-15. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED603287.pdf

M. Ahmmed, “Measuring perceived school support for inclusive education in Bangladesh: the development of a context-specific scale”, Asia Pacific Educ, Springer Nature Switzerland,2013, pp. 337–344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-013-9263-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-013-9263-z

M.A. Mousumi and T. Kusakabe, “School education system in Bangladesh”, Handbook of Education Systems in South Asia. Global Education Systems. Springer, Singapore, 2020, pp.1-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3309-5_11-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3309-5_11-1

M. Prodhan, "The educational system in Bangladesh and scope for improvement.", Journal of International Social Issues, 2016, pp.11-23. https://www.winona.edu/socialwork/Media/Prodhan%20The%20Educational%20System%20in%20Bangladesh%20and%20Scope%20for%20Improvement.pdf

M.T. Ahsan & J. Mullick, “The journey towards inclusive education in Bangladesh: Lessons learned”, Prospects, 2013, pp.151-164. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11125-013-9270-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-013-9270-1

H. M. Amran, & A. K. M. Obaydullah, “Inclusive Practice and Barriers in the Primary Education of Bangladesh.”, Internation Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 2019,pp.1067-72. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/A_K_M_Obaydullah/publication/335057469_Inclusive_Practice_and_Barriers_in_the_Primary_Education_of_Bangladesh/links/5d4c61b7299bf1995b70a9fc/Inclusive-Practice-and-Barriers-in-the-Primary-Education-of-Bangladesh.pdf

M. A. B. Siddik, & N. Kawai, “Government primary school teacher training needs for inclusive education in Bangladesh”, International Journal of Whole Schooling, 2020, pp.35-69. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1268928

F. Hellmich, M.F. Löper and G. Görel, “The role of primary school teachers’ attitudes and self‐efficacy beliefs for everyday practices in inclusive classrooms–a study on the verification of the ‘Theory of Planned Behaviour’”, Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs. 2019, pp. 36-48. https://nasenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1471-3802.12476 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-3802.12476

M.T. Ahsan and J. Mullick, “The journey towards inclusive education in Bangladesh: Lessons learned”, Prospects, 2013, pp. 151–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-013-9270-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-013-9270-1

M.T. Ahsan and L. Burnip. “Inclusive education in Bangladesh”, Australasian Journal of Special Education. 2007, pp.61-71. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10300110701255807 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10300110701255807

M.K. Hassan, M. Jahir, A.Smith and D.A. Obaydullah, “Inclusive Practice (IP) in Primary Schools of Bangladesh: Challenges and Opportunities”, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2020, pp.154-66. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/A-K-M-Obaydullah/publication/341712511_Inclusive_Practice_IP_in_Primary_Schools_of_Bangladesh_Challenges_and_Opportunities/links/5ecff232299bf1c67d26c7ad/Inclusive-Practice-IP-in-Primary-Schools-of-Bangladesh-Challenges-and-Opportunities.pdf

M.A. Siddik and N. Kawai, “Government Primary School Teacher Training Needs for Inclusive Education in Bangladesh”, International Journal of Whole Schooling. 2020, pp. 35-69.https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1268928

M.T. Ahsan, U. Sharma and J.M. Deppeler, “Challenges to prepare pre-service teachers for inclusive education in Bangladesh: Beliefs of higher educational institutional heads”, Asia Pacific Journal of Education. 2012, pp.241-57. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02188791.2012.655372 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2012.655372

M. Ahmmed, U. Sharma and J. Deppeler, “ Variables affecting teachers' attitudes towards inclusive education in Bangladesh”, Journal of research in special educational needs. 2012, pp.32-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-3802.2011.01226.x

https://nasenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1471-3802.2011.01226.x

H.M. Amran and A.K. Obaydullah, “Inclusive Practice and Barriers in the Primary Education of Bangladesh”, International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education. 2019, pp. 1067-72. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/A_K_M_Obaydullah/publication/335057469_Inclusive_Practice_and_Barriers_in_the_Primary_Education_of_Bangladesh/links/5d4c61b7299bf1995b70a9fc/Inclusive-Practice-and-Barriers-in-the-Primary-Education-of-Bangladesh.pdf

M.A. Siddik and N. Kawai, “Government Primary School Teacher Training Needs for Inclusive Education in Bangladesh”, International Journal of Whole Schooling, 2020, pp. 35-69.https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1268928

S. Farid and M. Mostari, “Inclusive Approach to Education for Children with Disabilities: Evidence from BRAC's Practices in Bangladesh”, International Journal of Teacher Education and Professional Development (IJTEPD). 2020, pp. 121-39. https://www.igi-global.com/article/inclusive-approach-to-education-for-children-with-disabilities/243395 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/IJTEPD.2020010108

S.M. Murshed and M. Imtiaz, “Inclusive Practices in Bangladesh: Multilingual Education for Indigenous Children”, In Moving towards Inclusive Education, 2020, pp. 159-174.https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004432789/BP000021.xml DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004432789_011

M.T. Ahsan, J.M. Deppeler and U. Sharma, “Predicting pre-service teachers’ preparedness for inclusive education: Bangladeshi pre-service teachers’ attitudes and perceived teaching-efficacy for inclusive education”, Cambridge Journal of Education, 2013, pp. 517-35.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0305764X.2013.834036 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2013.834036

MD. Hossin, “Primary Education on Floating Boats in Haor Areas; a Critical Analysis from Bangladesh Perspective”, International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), 2020. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3588420

Downloads

Published

2021-11-01

How to Cite

Ambia, S. U., & Rahman, M. S. (2021). Challenges in Primary Level Inclusive Education in Bangladesh. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 9(11), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss11.3453
Received 2021-09-14
Accepted 2021-10-10
Published 2021-11-01