Age and gender sensitivities to contingency management and token reinforement strategies on self control levels of remand home inmates in Nigeria.

SULEIMAN Femi Hafiz

doi:10.31686/ijier.vol5.iss5.729

Authors

SULEIMAN Femi Hafiz

Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol5.iss5.729

Keywords:

clients, self control, contingency management, token reinforcement

Abstract

The study examined Age and Gender Sensitivities to Contingency Management and Token Reinforcement strategies on Self Control levels of Remand home inmates in Nigeria.
The study adopted the quasi-experimental non-organized pre-test, post-test and control group involving 3x2 factorial designs. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups. Seventy two (72) clients formed the sample for the study. Three remand homes- Akure (Ondo state), Osgbo (Osun state) and Ibadan (Oyo state) were purposively sampled for the study. The clients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups and a control group. The first group was treated with Contingency Management while the second with Token reinforcement and the third served as control. Self Control Scale (SCS) was employed in gathering data and descriptive statistics, ANCOVA, and scheffe posthoc analysis were used to analyze the data. The result revealed that both Contingency Management and token reinforcement strategies were adequately effective therapies in enhancing self control levels of the clients. However no significant difference on the self-control levels of male and female was found as well as that of old and young clients, this implies that both male and females as well as old and young clients are sensitive to Contingency Management and Token Reinforcement strategies. On the basis of these findings, it was highly recommended that government at various levels should employ well trained counseling psychologies who are competent in the use of various behavior modification techniques in solving different maladjustment problems among our youths and clients should avail the opportunity of the training exposed to at various homes and realized that both male and female clients deserve the treatment while the old and the young clients need treatment equally. Though the level of their involvement on delinquent behavior differ from one another, however, both need adequate and qualified counseling psychologies in behavior modification techniques

Author Biography

SULEIMAN Femi Hafiz, Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria

Department of guidance and counseling, Faculty of Education

References

Aderanti, A. (2006). Differential effectiveness of cognitive restructuring, self-management and token reinforcement in the treatment of selected delinquent behaviour patterns of remand home inmates. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye.

Agnew, R. (2005). Juvenile delinquency: causes and control. 2nd ed. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Company. Akinranti, G.K. (1984). Using cognitive and token reinforcement on the undesirable behaviours of some Nigeria prison inmates. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Guidance and Counseling, University of Ibadan, Ibadan.

Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2010). Rehabilitating criminal justice policy and practice. Psychology, Public Policy and Law, 1, 39-55.Retrieved, from http://www.iionheart.org/emot-lit.html. Bello, P. N., (1986). Institutional Treatment of Juvenile Delinquency in Lagos: A case study. The Nigeria Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 2 (2) 25-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018362

Campbell, M., French, S. and Gendreau, P. (2009). ‗‘The prediction of violence in adult offenders. ‘‘A mental analytic comparison of instruments and methods of assessment. Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 36, 567-590. Davis T. (2007).Relationship between crime and violence and self-esteem in Review of self-esteem Research 1 of 1 - 'National Association of Self-esteem NASE retrieved from http//:www.self-esteem-naseorg/research. Idowu, A. (1999). (28th Sep). Deviant Behaviour among Secondary School children, Causes and Solutions. A Paper Presented at this! Workshop for Guidance Counselor in Federal UnitySchools; Federal Technical Colleges, by Federal Ministry of Education, Guidance and Counseling Unit. Marcus, B.(2004). Self-control in the general theory of crime. Theoretical implications of a measurement problem. Theoretical Criminology (8)33-55. Piquero, A.R, Brame, R; Moffitt, T.E. (2005).Extending the study of continuity and change. Gender differences in the linkage between adolescent and adult offending. Journal of Quantitative Criminology. (21):219-243.

Salami, S. O. (1998).Etiology and prevention of juvenile delinquency among School going Adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Research in Education. 2 (1)(1-8). Snyder, H. N.(2004).Juvenile arrests Office of juvenile justice and delinquency prevention juvenile justice bulletin 2004;Retrievedfrom http://en.wikisource.org.

Spiegler, M., & Guevremont, D. (2010).Contemporary behaviour Therapy. Belmont, CA. Wadsworth.

Suleiman F.H. (2014).Effects of Contingency Management and Token Reinforcement Strategies on Self Control levels of remand homes inmates. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Department of Guidance and Counselling. Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba -Akoko, Nigeria. Taylor, R. S. (1980).The habitual criminal. British Journal of Criminology and Delinquency.(1), 1.The Centre for the study of Theft Behaviours Identifies Best Practices, theft Counseling and Links to best Practices Programmed. Retrieved from http/www.theftcentre.org: shop lighting is a Crime. Tibbetts, S. G. & Whitmore, J.N.(2002).The interactive effects of low self-control and commitment to school on substance abuse among college students. Psychological Reports; 90:327-337. Title CR, Ward DA, GrasmickH. G. (2003).Gender, age, and crime/deviance. A challenge to self-control theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 4C:426-453.