Cyanobacteria Occurrence in Photosynthetic Stabilization Ponds
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss2.973Keywords:
Cyanobacteria, sewage treatment plants, photosynthetic stabilization pondsAbstract
Photoautotrophic organisms, particularly cyanobacteria, have great ecological importance due to their photosynthetic capacity, and biosynthetic versatility in diverse and extreme environments. However, photosynthetic ponds, they may be serious and dangerous producers of potentially toxic toxins. Their release and bloom in treated effluent receiving bodies are a major concern because of the negative consequences on aquatic biota and the risks to public health. The aim of this study is to analyze the occurrence, composition, density and spatio-temporal distribution of cyanobacteria in sewage treatment plants by photosynthetic ponds in ten cities located in the central region of the São Paulo State, Brazil. The results recorded high densities of Microcystis sp. with a maximum average of 9.4x105 cells per millilitre (cells/mL); Synechococcus sp., with an average of 7.8x105; Synechocystis aquatilis with 7.2x105; Merismopedia tenuissima with 4.8x105; and Phormidium sp. with 1.9x105. Among these species found, the highest occurrence was M. tenuissima. The high densities show that these ponds are an aquatic environment conducive to the development of cyanobacteria and, potentially, an important source of cyanotoxin production. Therefore, studies and monitoring of the effects on the receiving water bodies are recommended by determining their cyanobacteria densities and investigating the possible presence of cyanotoxins.
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References
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[19] Karadžić, V., Subakov-Simić, G., Natić, D., Ržaničanin, A., Ćirić, M. and Z. Gačić (2013). Changes in the phytoplankton community and dominance of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Wolosz.) Subba Raju in a temperate lowland river (Ponjavica, Serbia). Hydrobiologia 711, 43-60.
[20] Komárek, J., Anagnostidis, K. (1989). Modern approach to the classification system of Cyanophytes 4 - Nostocales. Algological Studies 56: 247-345.
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[26] Kosten, S., Huszar, V.L.M., Be´cares, E., Costa, L.S., Van Donk E.& Hansson, L.-A. (2012). Warmer climates boostcyanobacterial dominance in shallow lakes. Global ChangeBiology 18, 118–126.
[27] Lorena, L. (2015). Distribution pattern of picoplankton carbon biomass linked to mesoscale dynamics in the southern gulf of Mexico during winter conditions. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, Volume 106, December 2015, Pages 55–67..
[28] Muhammad, A., Salam, A., Sumayya, I., Tasveer, Z.B., Qureshi, K. A., 2005. Studies on monthly variations in biological and physicochemical parameters of brackish water fish pond, Muzaffargarh, Pakistan. J. Res. (Sci.) 16, 27–38.
[29] Oswald, W.J. (1988). Micro-algae and waste-water treatment, in Micro-algal biotechnology, M.A. Borowitzka and L.J. Borowitzka, Editors. Cambridge University press: Cambridge. p. 305–328.
[30] Padisák, J. (1997). Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya et Subba Raju, an expanding highly adaptive cyanobacterium: worldwide distribution and review of its ecology. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 107:563-593.
[31] Pearl, H.W., Otten, T.G. (2013). Harmful cyanobacterial blooms: causes, consequences, and controls. Microb. Ecol. 65, 995e1010.
[32] Pearson, H.W. (1987). Algae associated with sewage treatment. In: Microbial Technology in the Developing World. (Ed. E.J. da Silva, Y.R. Dommergues, E.J. Nyns and C. Ratledge). News York: Oxford University Press, p 260-288.
[33] Prentice, M. J. (2008). Temporal and spatial variations of cyanobacteria in Karori Reservoir, Wellington (Thesis, Master of Science (MSc)). The University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2363.
[34] Reynolds, C. (1984). The ecology of freshwater phytoplankton. Freshwater Biol. Ass., Cambridge Univ. Press. Cambridge.
[35] Reynolds, C. S. (1987) Community organization in the freshwater plankton. Symp. Br. Ecol. Soc., 27, 297–325.
[36] Reynolds, C. S. (1998). What factors influence the species composition of phytoplankton in lakes of different trophic status? Hydrobiologia, 369–370, 11–26.
[37] Reynolds, C. S. Ecology of phytoplankton. Cambrigde: Cambrigde University Press. 535p, 2006.
[38] Rosales-Loaiza, N., Guevara, M., Lodeiros, C., Morales, E. (2008). Crecimiento y producción de metabolitos de la cianobacteria marina Synechococcus sp. (Chroococcales) en función de la irradiancia. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 421-9.
[39] Sangita Ganesh, Darren J Parris, Edward F DeLong, & Frank J Stewart. (2014). Metagenomic analysis of size-fractionated picoplankton in a marine oxygen minimum zone. The ISME Journal, 8: 187–211.
[40] Sant’Anna, C. L.; Azevedo, M. T. P.; Werner, V. R.; Dogo, C. R.; Rios, F. R.; Carvalho, L. R. (2008). Review of toxic species of cyanobacteria in Brazil. Algogenical Studies, Vol. 126, p. 251-265.
[41] Sant’Anna, C.L. & Azevedo, M.T.P. (2000). Contribution to the knowledge of potentially toxic Cyanobacteria from Brazil. Nova Hedwigia, v.71, p.359-385.
[42] Santos, A.P.M.E. dos; Bracarense, A.P.F.R.L. (2008). Hepatotoxicidade associada à microcistina. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, v. 29, n. 2, p. 417-430.
[43] Sarika S. Maske, Lalita Narendra Sangolkar, Tapan Chakrabarti (2010). Temporal variation in density and diversity of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in lakes at Nagpur (Maharashtra State), India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Volume 169, Issue 1-4 , pp 299-308.
[44] Sheath, R.G., Morgan, L.V., Hambrook, J.A. & Cole, K.M. (1996). Tundra stream, macroalgae of North. America: composition, distribution and physiological adaptations. Hydrobiologia 336: 67-82.
[45] Sivonen, K., Jones, G. (1999). Cyanobacterial toxins. In: Chorus I, Bartram J, eds, Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A Guide to Their Public Health Consequences, Monitoring and Management, London, Spon Press, pp. 41–111.
[46] Smith, V.H. (1983). Low nitrogen to phosphorous ratios favours dominance by blue-green algae in lake phytoplankton. Science 221, 669–670.
[47] Smith, L., Boyer, G., Zimba, P.V. (2008). A review of cyanobacterial odorous and bioactive metabolites: Impacts and management alternatives in aquaculture. Aquaculture. 280: 5–20.
[48] Soltero-Santos, R.B.; sousa-silva, C. R.; Verani, N.F.; Nonaka, K.; Rocha, O. (2005). Toxicity of a cyanobacteria bloom in Barra Bonita Reservoir (Middle Tiete River, São Paulo, Brazil). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 64, p. 163-170.
[49] Sompong, U., Hawkins, P.R., Besley, C. & Peerapornpisal, Y. (2005). The distribution of cyanobacteria across physical and chemical gradients in northern Thailand. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 52: 365–376.
[50] Tsukamoto, R.; Takahashi, N. (2007). Cianobactérias, Civilização, Problemas para Saúde, Aquicultura, Natureza. Disponível em http://arruda.rits.org.br/oeco/reading/oeco/reading/pdf/cianobacterias_2007_02.pdf. Acesso em 07/05/2016.
[51] Tang, E.P.Y., Vincent, W. F., Proul, D., Lessard, P. & Noüe, J. de la. (1997). Polar cyanobacteria versus green algae for tertiary waste-water treatment in cool climates. Journal of Applied Phycology 9: 371–381.
Tas, B., Gonulol, A. (2007). An ecological and taxonomic study on phytoplankton of a shallow lake, Turkey. J. Environ. Biol. 28, 439– 445.
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Copyright (c) 2018 Nemésio Neves Batista Salvador, Baptista Bina, Fernando Frigo
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Salvador, N. N. B., Bina, B., & Frigo, F. (2018). Cyanobacteria Occurrence in Photosynthetic Stabilization Ponds. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 6(2), 208-220. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss2.973
