Physical Activity, Lesson Context and Teacher Behavior in Large Physical Education Classes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss12.1253Keywords:
Physical Activity, Lesson Context, Teacher BehaviorAbstract
With the advent of national and international concern about children’s decreasing activity levels, a number of interventions have been put in place that aim to promote cardiovascular health. These include national trials such as CATCH (Perry, Sellers, & Johnson, 1997) and SPARK (Sallis, McKenzie, Alcaraz, Kolody, Faucette, & Hovell, 1997). At a more programmatic level, there has been increasing attention towards the expansion of school physical education, dissuading children from pursuing sedentary activities, providing suitable role models for physical activity, and making activity-promoting changes in the environment (Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness, 2006).
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References
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Barroso, C. S., McCullum-Gomez, C., Hoelscher, D. M., Kelder, S. H., & Murray, N. G. 2005. Self-reported barriers to quality physical education by physical education specialists in Texas. Journal of School Health, 75, 313-319.
Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness and Council on School Health. 2006. Active healthy living: Prevention of childhood obesity through increased physical activity. Pediatrics, 117 (5), 1834-1842.
Ferguson, R. H., Keating, X. D., Bridges, D. M., Guan, J., & Li, C. 2007. California secondary school physical education teachers’ attitudes toward the mandated use of the Fitnessgram. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 26, 161-176.
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Keating, X.D., Kulinna, P.H., & Silverman, S. 1999. Measuring teaching behaviors, lesson context, and physical activity in school physical education programs: comparing the SOFIT and the C-SOFIT instruments. Measurement in Physical Education & Exercise Science, 3(4), 207-220.
Li, F., Duncan, T. E., Duncan, S. C., Harmer, P., & Acock, A. 1997. Latent variable modeling of multilevel intrinsic motivation data. Measurement in Physical Education & Exercise Science, 1, 223-244.
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McKenzie, T. L., Sallis, J. F., Elder, J. P., Berry, C. C., Hoy, P. L., Nader, P. R., Zive, M. M., & Broyles, S. L. 1997. Physical activity levels and prompts in young children at recess: A two-year study of a bi-ethnic sample. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 68, 195-202.
McKenzie, T. L., Sallis, J. F., & Nader, P. R. 1991. The SOFIT instrument: System for observing fitness instruction time. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 11,
195-205.
Perry C. L., Sellers, D. E., & Johnson, C. 1997. The child and adolescent trial for cardiovascular health (CATCH): Intervention, implementation and feasibility for elementary schools in the United States. Health Education Behavior. 24, 716-735.
Richardson, V. 2001. Handbook of research on teaching, (4th ed.), Educational Research Association: Washington, D.C., 491-519.
Rowe, P.J.; Schuldheisz, J.M.; van der Mars, H. 1997. Validation of SOFIT for measuring physical activity of first- to eighth-grade students. Pediatric Exercise Science, 9,
136-149.
Sallis, J. F., McKenzie, T. L., Alcaraz, J. E., Kolody, B., Faucette, N., & Hovell, M. F. 1997. The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 1328-1334.
Sammann, P. 1998. Active Youth: Ideas For Implementing CDC Physical Activity Promotion
Guidelines. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
Silverman, S., & Solmon, M. 1998. The unit of analysis in field research: issues and
approaches to design and data analysis. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 17, 270-284.
Sproule, J., McMorris, T., & Lockwood, A. 2000. Size matters. British Journal of Teaching
Physical Education, 31(4), 24-25.
Barroso, C. S., McCullum-Gomez, C., Hoelscher, D. M., Kelder, S. H., & Murray, N. G. 2005. Self-reported barriers to quality physical education by physical education specialists in Texas. Journal of School Health, 75, 313-319.
Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness and Council on School Health. 2006. Active healthy living: Prevention of childhood obesity through increased physical activity. Pediatrics, 117 (5), 1834-1842.
Ferguson, R. H., Keating, X. D., Bridges, D. M., Guan, J., & Li, C. 2007. California secondary school physical education teachers’ attitudes toward the mandated use of the Fitnessgram. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 26, 161-176.
Fraser-Thomas, J. L., & Beaudoin, C. 2002. Implementing a physical education curriculum: Two teachers’ experiences. Canadian Journal of Education, 27, 249-268.
Hastie, P. A., Sanders, S. W., & Rowland, R. S. 1999. Where good intentions meet harsh realities: Teaching large classes in physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 18, 277-289.
Hastie, P. A., & Saunders, J. E. 1991. Effects of class size and equipment availability on student involvement in physical education. Journal of Experimental Education, 59, 212-224.
Keating, X.D., Kulinna, P.H., & Silverman, S. 1999. Measuring teaching behaviors, lesson context, and physical activity in school physical education programs: comparing the SOFIT and the C-SOFIT instruments. Measurement in Physical Education & Exercise Science, 3(4), 207-220.
Li, F., Duncan, T. E., Duncan, S. C., Harmer, P., & Acock, A. 1997. Latent variable modeling of multilevel intrinsic motivation data. Measurement in Physical Education & Exercise Science, 1, 223-244.
Luepker, R.V., Perry, C. L, & McKinlay, S. M. 1996. Outcomes of a field trial to improve children's dietary patterns and physical activity: the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health: CATCH. JAMA, 275(10), 768-776.
McKenzie, T. L. 2006. SOFIT: (System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time) Generic description and procedures manual. San Diego, CA: Department of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University.
McKenzie, T. L., Marshall, S. J., Sallis, J. F., & Conway, T. L. 2000. Student activity levels, lesson context, and teacher behavior during middle school physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71, 249-259.
McKenzie, T. L., Sallis, J. F., Elder, J. P., Berry, C. C., Hoy, P. L., Nader, P. R., Zive, M. M., & Broyles, S. L. 1997. Physical activity levels and prompts in young children at recess: A two-year study of a bi-ethnic sample. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 68, 195-202.
McKenzie, T. L., Sallis, J. F., & Nader, P. R. 1991. The SOFIT instrument: System for observing fitness instruction time. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 11,
195-205.
Perry C. L., Sellers, D. E., & Johnson, C. 1997. The child and adolescent trial for cardiovascular health (CATCH): Intervention, implementation and feasibility for elementary schools in the United States. Health Education Behavior. 24, 716-735.
Richardson, V. 2001. Handbook of research on teaching, (4th ed.), Educational Research Association: Washington, D.C., 491-519.
Rowe, P.J.; Schuldheisz, J.M.; van der Mars, H. 1997. Validation of SOFIT for measuring physical activity of first- to eighth-grade students. Pediatric Exercise Science, 9,
136-149.
Sallis, J. F., McKenzie, T. L., Alcaraz, J. E., Kolody, B., Faucette, N., & Hovell, M. F. 1997. The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 1328-1334.
Sammann, P. 1998. Active Youth: Ideas For Implementing CDC Physical Activity Promotion
Guidelines. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
Silverman, S., & Solmon, M. 1998. The unit of analysis in field research: issues and
approaches to design and data analysis. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 17, 270-284.
Sproule, J., McMorris, T., & Lockwood, A. 2000. Size matters. British Journal of Teaching
Physical Education, 31(4), 24-25.
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How to Cite
Gross, M. K. (2018). Physical Activity, Lesson Context and Teacher Behavior in Large Physical Education Classes. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 6(12), 84-90. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss12.1253
