Gross Motor Development Level Of The Children Age 9 Years
A Case Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss11.274Abstract
Physical education plays a role in contributing to the growth and development of the children through the learning experience to meet the needs of the psychomotor, cognitive, and affective domain [1,9,8,11]. All children will go through a learning process based on Physical Education syllabus as set out in the primary school integrated Curriculum (KBSR). In the Physical Education curriculum, children have been encourage to develop fitness, skill and sportsmanship. The focus of this study is about teaching of fitness in gross motor skills which consist of the locomotors and manipulative skills. Children age seven to nine years have been involved in teaching and learning process based on these skills. Children will apply all the locomotors and manipulative skills since they are in level one primary school.
Downloads
References
Abdullah Sani Yahya. (2003). “Siri Pentabiran Pendidikan”: Mengurus sekolah. Pahang: PTS Publictions.
Abigail Fisher. (2008). “Relationships Between Physical. Activity and Motor and Cognative Function in Young Childen”. Ph.D Theses Faculty of Medicine University of Glasgow.
Addison, E. (2005). Miss Poppy’s Guide To Raising Perfectly Happy Children. London: Happer Collins Publishers
Ltd.
Ahmad Hashim. (2004). “Pengukuran Kecergasan Motor”. Tanjong Malim Malim, Perak; Quantum Books.
Agnes W.Y.P., & Daniel T. P. F. (2009). “Fundamental Motor Skill Proficiency Of Hong Kong Children Aged 6–9
Years”. Research In Sports Medicine, 17: 125–144,
Bahagian Pendidikan Guru. (2007). “Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Pembelajaran Motor”. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian pelajaran Malaysia.
Cohen, J. (1988). “Statistical power analysis for behavior science”. (2nd ed.) Lawrance Eribaum Association.
Dauer, V. P., & Pangrazi, R. P. (1995). “Dynamic physical education for elementary school children” (11 th ed.). Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.
Darst, P. W., & Pangrazi, R. P. (2006). “Dynamic physical education for secondary school student (5thed.)”. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.
Dilip, R., Patel, M.D., Helen, D., Ratt, Donald , E., Greydanus, M.D. (2002). “Pediatric neuro development and sports participation, When arechildren ready to play sports?” Pediatric Clin N Am. (49)505–531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3955(02)00003-2
Freeman, W. H. (2000). “Physical education and sport in a changing society (6th ed.)”. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings.
Gallahue, D. L., & Ozmun, J. C. (2006). “Understanding Motor Development: Infants, Children, Adolescents, Adults (6th ed.)”. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Gallahue, D. L. (2006). “Motor development in early childhood education.” McGraw Hill. [14] Harter, S. (1999). “The Construction of the Self: A Developmental Perspective.” New York: Guileford Press.
Harter, S.(1978). “Reflectance motivation reconsidered: Toward a developmental model”. Human Development, 21, 34 -64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000271574
Haywood, K.M. & Getchell, N. (2009). “Life Span Motor Development(5thed). Champaign: Human Kinetic.
Harriet, N. Amui, (2006). “The Effect Of Two Instructional Approaches On The Object Control Skills Of Children Considered Disadvantaged”. Ph.D Theses The Ohio State University.
Largo L.H., Fischer, J.E., Rousson, V. (2003). “Neuromotor development from kindergarten age To adolescence: Development Course an Variability”. Swiss Med, 133:193-199.[19] Laura Gray, Hennie Ng, Doreen Bartlett. (2010). “The gross motor function classification system: an update on impact and clinical utility”. Journal of Pediatric & Physiotherapy.22 (3): 315-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PEP.0b013e3181ea8e52
Malina, R.M., & Katzmarzky, P.T. (2006). “Physical activity and fitness in a international growth standard for preadolescent and adolescent children”. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 27(4), 295- 313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/15648265060274S511
Okley, A.D., Booth, M.L., and Patterson, J.M. (2004). “Relationship between physical activity to fundametal
movement skill among adolescent”. Medicine and science in Sport and Exercise, 33(11), 1899-1904.
Parke, B.N. (2003). “Discovering programs for talent development. United States”: Corwin Press Inc.
Rudisill, M. E. (1989). “Influence of perceived competence and casual dimension orientation expectations, persistence, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1989.10607432
and performance during perceived failure”. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 60 (2), 166-175.
Stodden, D. F., Goodway, J. D.,Langendorfer, S. J., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M.E, Garcia, C., & Garcia L. E. (2008).
“A Developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship”.
Quest, 60,290-306.
Santrock, J. W. (2011). “Life-Span Development (13th ed.)”. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Thelen, E., & Smith, L. B. (1994). “A Dynamic Sistem. Approach To The Development Of Cognition And Action”.
Cambridge, M.A: MIT Press.
Ulrich, B.D. Ulrich, D.A. (1999). “Dynamic systems approach to understanding motor delay in infants with Down
syndrome”. Perceptual and Motor Skill, 84, 867-870.
Ulrich, D.A. (2000). “Test of Gross Motor Development Austin”, TX: PRO-ED.
Wan Asma Wan Ismail. (2000). “Kanak-kanak dan Perkembangan”. Buletin Kesihatan, Jabatan Pediatrik Pusat
Pengajian Sains Perubatan(PPSP). Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Kubang Kerian, Kelantan.
Wouter, C., Kristine, D.M., Christiane, S. and Caroline, A. (2008). “Movement Skill assessment of typically developing
preschool children: A review of seven movement Skill assessment tools”. Journal of sports science and Medicine 8,154-
[31] CDC. (2003). “Physical activity trends, United States”, 1990-1998. MMWR, 50:166-9
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Masri Baharom, Ahmad Hashim, Mahaliza Mansor
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyrights for articles published in IJIER journals are retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author for more visit Copyright & License.
How to Cite
