Evaluation of the effectiveness of three therapeutic protocols used in the treatment of visceral canine leishmaniosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss3.2980Keywords:
Canine leishmaniasis, Chemotherapy, ImmunotherapyAbstract
Leishmaniasis is a tropical and subtropical disease caused by an intracellular protozoan transmitted by a bite from a vector, mainly from the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia, and affects humans and other mammals, especially dogs. The main objective in controlling canine visceral leishmaniasis is to reduce the number of human cases by reducing its prevalence in dogs. In Brazil, glucantime antimoniate and Amphotericin B, utilized for treating the disease in humans, are prohibited so that only miltefosine, which is not employed for treatment of humans, is permitted for use in dogs. This work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three different therapeutic protocols employed in the treatment of dogs naturally infected with visceral leishmaniasis. Fifty-six (56) dogs, of both sexes, were treated and evaluated utilizing three treatment protocols. The following protocols were utilized: association of several drugs; miltefosine associated with allopurinol; and immunotherapy with anti- Leishmania vaccine associated with Allopurinol. Immunotherapy was the most efficient protocol, followed by an association of drugs and miltefosine. The use of these protocols diminishes the constant relapses of the disease. Associations of therapeutic protocols produced clinical improvement of patients even with presentation of subsequent negative serology. However, the study did not include aspects related to hemoparasitoses, thus a further study is required.
References
M. Afshari, F. Riazi-Rad, V. Khaze, F. Bahrami, S. Ajdary, M.H. Mohammad Hossein Alimohammadian, “Oral treatment with zinc sulfate increases the expression of Th1 cytokines mRNA in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major”, Cytokine, 2016, 81:71–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2016.02.002
G.P. Borja-Cabrera, A.C. Mendesa, E.P. Souza, L.Y.H. Okadab, F.A.A. Trivellato, O. Genaro, L.M.M. Batista, M. Palatnik, C.B. Palatnik-de-Sousa, “Effective immunotherapy against canine visceral leishmaniasis with the FML-vaccine”, Vaccine, 2004, 22:2234–2243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.11.039
S.L. Croft, G.H. Coombs, “Leishmaniasis--current chemotherapy and recent advances in the search for novel drugs”, Trends Parasitol, 2003, 19:502-508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2003.09.008
W. Durante, F.K. Johnson, R.A. Johnson, “Arginase: a critical regulator of nitric oxide synthesis and vascular function”, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2007, 34:906–911. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04638.x
C. Favrot, M.N. Saridomichelakis, “Workshop on canine leishmaniasis diagnosis and treatment”. In: DGVD Kongress, Bad Honnef, Germany, 11 June 2010 - 13 June 2010.
L. Laura Manna, R. Corso, G. Galiero, A. Anna Cerrone, P. Muzj, A.E. Gravino, “Long-term follow-up of dogs with leishmaniosis treated with meglumine antimoniate plus allopurinol versus miltefosine plus allopurinol”, Parasit Vectors, 2015, 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0896-0
C. Noli, S.T. Auxilia, “Review: Treatment of canine Old World visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review” Vet Dermatol, 2005, 16:213–232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2005.00460.x
G. Oliva, X. Roura, A. Crotti, M. Maroli, M. Castagnaro, L. Gradoni, G. Lubas, S. Paltrinieri, A. Zatelli, E. Zini, “Guidelines for treatment of leishmaniasis in dogs”, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 2010, 236:1192-1198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.236.11.1192
R.M. Reguera, M. Morán, Y. Pérez-Pertejoa, C. Carlos García-Estrada, R. Balaña-Foucea, “Current status on prevention and treatment of canine leishmaniasis”, Vet Parasitol, 2016, 227:98–114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.07.011
V.M. Ribeiro, E.M. Bahia, P. P. A. Teles, “Evaluation of immunotherapy assessment Leish-Tec® associated with allopurinol in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum - preliminary results”, FIFTH WORLD CONGRESS ON LEISHMANIASIS, Porto de Galinhas, Pernambuco, Brasil, 2013.
V.M. Ribeiro, S.M. Silva, I. Menz, P. Tabanez, F.S. Nogueira, M. Werkhaüser, A.L.S. Fonseca, F. Dantas-Torres, “Control of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: recommendations from Brasileish”, Parasit Vectors, 2013, 6:1-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-8
D. Savoia, “Recent updates and perspectives on leishmaniasis”, J Infect Dev Ctries, 2015, 9:588-596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.6833
L. Simon, S.L. Croft, H. Graham, G.H. Coombs, Leishmaniasis– current chemotherapy and recent advances in the search for novel drugs, TRENDS in Parasitology, 2003, 19:502-508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2003.09.008
L. Solano-Gallego, A. Koutinas, G. Miró, L. Cardoso, M.G. Pennisi, L. Ferrer, P. Bourdeau, G. Oliva, G. Baneth, “Directions for the diagnosis, clinical staging, treatment and prevention of canine leishmaniosis”, Vet Parasitol, 2009, 165:1–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.05.022
L. Solano-Gallego, G. Miró, A. Koutinas, L. Cardoso, M.G. Pennisi, L. Ferrer, P. Bourdeau, G. Gaetano Oliva, G. Baneth, “LeishVet guidelines for the practical management of canine leishmaniosis”, Parasit Vectors, 2011, 4:1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-4-86
E. Torres-Guerrero, M.R. Quintanilla-Cedillo, J. Ruiz-Esmenjaud, R. Arenas, “Leishmaniasis: a review”, F1000Res. 6(F1000 Faculty Rev), 2017, 750. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11120.1
M.P. Vulpiani, L. Iannetti, D. Paganico, F. Iannino, N. Ferri, “Methods of control of the Leishmania infantum dog reservoir: State of the art”, Vet Med Int, 2011, 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/215964
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Eliana M. M. F. Gouveia, André L. S. da Fonseca, Perla Noe, Valter J. V. Onselen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyrights for articles published in IJIER journals are retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author for more visit Copyright & License.
How to Cite
Accepted 2021-02-12
Published 2021-03-01
