SCALE-UP Instructional Redesign of a Calculus Course at an HBCU

Authors

  • Dominic P. Clemence-Mkhope North Carolina A&T State University, USA
  • Paramanathan Varatharajah North Carolina A&T State University, USA
  • Janis M Oldham North Carolina A&T State University, USA
  • Barbara Tankersley North Carolina A&T State University, USA
  • Kim Seongtae

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss1.1279

Keywords:

SCALE-UP, Calculus course redesign, learning spaces, learning outcomes, HBCU

Abstract

It is now generally accepted that many students enter college severely underprepared for their mathematics college courses in terms of basic skills and study habits, and that intervention is expected to overcome these deficiencies. As a result, many mathematics departments nationwide have over the last two decades redesigned their algebra and calculus courses to incorporate technology and active learning in various combinations, some of which have utilized extensive learning space designs. This article is a preliminary report of one Historically Black College or University’s (HBCU) experience with its redesign of the first semester of Calculus for STEM Majors that resulted in a course-wide partial implementation of the Student-Centered Active Learning Environments with Upside-down Pedagogies (SCALE-UP) method. Preliminary results show that the redesign, enabled by institutional and external resource coordination, has led to moderate improvements in course pass rates, from a normal of 40% and below to a new normal of above 50%. The pass/fail student profile suggests that weakness in pre-requisite skills is a major cause of failure.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Dominic P. Clemence-Mkhope, North Carolina A&T State University, USA

    Professor, Department of Mathematics

  • Paramanathan Varatharajah, North Carolina A&T State University, USA

    Department of Mathematics

  • Janis M Oldham, North Carolina A&T State University, USA

    Department of Mathematics

  • Barbara Tankersley, North Carolina A&T State University, USA

    Department of Mathematics

References

Adelman, C. (2006). The Toolbox Revisited: Paths to Degree Completion from High School through College. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.

Beichner, R.J. & J. M. Saul (2004). Introduction to the SCALE-UP (Student- Centered Activities for Large Enrollment Undergraduate Programs) Project. In Invention and Impact: Building Excellence in Undergraduate Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education, proceedings of an April 2004 conference, AAAS/NSF.

Beichner, R J., Saul, J.M., Abbott, D.S., Morse, J.J., Deardorff, D.L., Allain, R.J., Bonham, S.W., Dancy, M.H., & Risley, J.S. (2007). The Student-Centered Activities for Large Enrollment UndergraduatePrograms (SCALE-UP) Project. In PER-Based Reform in University Physics, E.F. Redish and P.J. Cooney (eds), (American Association of Physics Teachers, College Park, MD), Vol 1, 2–39.

Beichner, R.J. (2014). History and Evolution of Active Learning Spaces. In New Directions for Teaching & Learning, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.20081

Benson, S. B. L., Moss, W., Ohland, M., Orr, M., & Schiff, S. (2009). Adapting and Implementing SCALE UP Approach in Statics, Dynamics, and Multivariable Calculus. Inter. J. of Eng. Ed., 26(5), 1097-1110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--5311

Biggers, S., L. Benson, W. Moss, M. Ohland, M. Orr, & S. Schiff (2007). Adapting and Implementing the SCALE‐UP Approach in Statics, Dynamics, and Multivariable Calculus. In ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition (Honolulu, HI).

Blaich, C. & Wise, K. (2011). The Wabash National Study - The Impact of Teaching Practices and Institutional Conditions on Student Growth. Paper presented at the 2011 AERA Annual Meeting. Online at http://www.liberalarts.wabash.edu/storage/Wabash-Study-Student-Growth_Blaich-Wise_AERA-2011.pdf

Bookman, J. & C. Friedman (1998). Student attitudes and calculus reform. School Science and Mathematics, 98(3), 117-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.1998.tb17404.x

Bookman, J. & C. Friedman (1999). The evaluation of Project CALC at Duke University, 1989-1994 [Electronic]. In B. Gold, S. Keith, & W. Marion (Vol. Ed.), MAA Notes: Vol. 49. Assessment practices in undergraduate mathematics (pp.253-258). Washington, DC: The Mathematical Association of America. Bullock, D., Callahan, J., & Shadle, S.J. (2015). Coherent Calculus Course Design: Creating Faculty Buy-in for Student Success. 122nd Annual ASEE Conf. and Exposition, Seattle, WA, 2015. Paper ID # 14209.

Brainard, S.G. & Carlin, L. (1998). A Six-Year Longitudinal Study of Undergraduate Women in Engineering and Science, Proceedings of Frontiers in Education 1, 134–143.

Burkum, K., Habley., W, McClanahan, R., & Valiga, M. (2010). What works in Student Retention (Fourth National Survey): Four-Year Colleges and Universities with Twenty Percent or More Black Students Enrolled, ACT 2010 (ACT Inc., Iowa City, Iowa).

Cassani, Mary Kay (2008). Impact of SCALE-UP on Science Teaching Self efficacy of Students in General Education Science Courses. D.Ed. Thesis, University of Central Florida

Cousins-Cooper, K., Clemence-Mkhope, D.P., Redd, T.C., Luke, N. S., and Kim, S. (2019). Math Emporium Instructional Course Design: Algebra Course Evolution at an HBCU. In Broadening Participation in STEM: Effective Education Methods, Practices, and Programs for Women and Minorities, Diversity in Higher Education Series, Volume 22, Wilson-Kennedy, Z.S., Byrd, G.S., Kennedy, E., and Frierson, H. (eds), Emerald Publishing Limited, 237-263 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-364420190000022011

Dittoe, William (2002). Innovative Models of Learning Environments. New Directions for Teaching & Learning, 2002(92), 81-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.82

Epstein, J. (2013). The calculus concept inventory – Measurement of the effect of teaching methodology in mathematics. Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 60(8), 2-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1090/noti1033

Foote, K. F., Neumeyer, X., Henderson, C., Dancy, M., & Beichner, R. (2014). SCALE-UP Implementation and Intra-Institutional Dissemination: A Case Study of Two Institutions. In Engelhardt, Churukian, & Jones (Eds.), 2014 PERC Proceedings. Minneapolis, Minnesota. doi:10.1119/perc.2014.pr.017Freeman, S., Eddy, S.L., McDonough, M., Smith, M.K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H, & Wenderoth, M.P., (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. PNAS (USA), 111, (23), 8410-8415. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23776432 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1119/perc.2014.pr.017

Frid, S. (1994). Three approaches to undergraduate calculus instruction: Their nature and potential impact on students’ language use and sources of conviction. In E. Dubinsky, A. Schoenfeld, & J. Kaput (Eds.), Research in Collegiate Mathematics Education, 1(pp. 69-100). AMS, Providence, RI. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1090/cbmath/004/04

Goins, G., Redd, T.C., Chen, M., White, C.D., & Clemence, D.P. (2016). Forming a Biomathematical Learning Alliance Across Traditional Academic Departments. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 4(6), 16-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol4.iss6.553

Hegeman, J. S. (2015). Using instructor-generated video lectures in online mathematics courses improves learning. Online Learning 19(3), 70-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v19i3.484

Kuh, G.D., Kinzie, J., Buckley, J.A., Bridges, B. K., and Hayek, J.C. (2006). What Matters Student Success: A Review of the Literature. Commissioned Report for the National Symposium on Postsecondary Student Success: Spearheading a Dialog on Student Success. http://nces.ed.gov/npec/pdf/kuh_team_report.pdf

Lipnevich, A. A., MacCann, C., Krumm, S., Burrus, J., & Roberts, R. D. (2011). Mathematics attitudes and mathematics outcomes of U.S. and Belarusian middle school students. Journal of Educational Psychology. doi:10.1037/a0021949 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021949

Lotkowski, V., Robbins, S.B., & Noeth, R. (2004). The Role of Academic and Non-Academic Factors in Improving College Retention. ACT Policy Report 2004 (ACT Inc., Iowa City, Iowa). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/e420492008-001

Monteferrante, S. (1993, May). Implementation of calculus, concepts, and computers at Dowling College. Collegiate Microcomputers, 11(2), 94-98.

NCA&T Undergraduate Bulletins (2008-2016). 2008-2014 available on disk, 2014-2016 available online at https://www.ncat.edu/divisions/academic-affairs/bulletin/:

Noble, J. & Sawyer, R. (2004). Predicting Different Levels of Academic Success in College Using High School GPA and ACT Composite Score, ACT 2002-4 (ACT Inc., Iowa City, Iowa). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/e427952008-001

NSSE-FSEE (National Survey of Student Engagement-Faculty Survey of Student Engagement) (2012). http://nsse.iub.edu/html/annual_results.cfm

Oldham, J.M, Mers, R., & Burns, S.D. (2002). Cooperative Efforts Among HBCU Mathematics Departments in the Production of African American Ph.D.’s in the Mathematical Sciences. Proceedings of The Ronald E. McNair Symposium on Science Frontiers: The Role of HBCU’s in 21st Century Higher Education; January 2002

Park, E.L. & Choi, B.K. (2014). Transformation of classroom spaces: traditional versus active learning classroom in colleges. High Educ, 68,749–771. DOI 10.1007/s10734-014-9742-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-014-9742-0

PCAST (2012). President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology 2012 Report. Engage to Excel: Producing One Million Additional College Graduates with Degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Online https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-engage-to-excel-final_2-25-12.pdf

Roop, John Paul, Edoh, Kossi & Kurepa, Alexandra (2018). Instructional Selection of Active Learning and Traditional Courses Increases Student Achievement in College Mathematics. Journal of Education andLearning ,7 (5), 11-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v7n5p11

Schwingendorf, K., G. McCabe, & J. Kuhn. (2000). A longitudinal study of the C4L calculus reform program: Comparisons of C4L and traditional students. In E. Dubinsky, A. Schoenfeld, J. Kaput, & T. Dick (Vol. Ed.), CBMS issues in mathematics education: Vol. 8. Research in Collegiate Mathematics IV (pp. 63-76). Washington, DC: American Mathematical Society & The Mathematical Association of America. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1090/cbmath/008/04

Singh, K., Granville, M., & Dika, S. (2002). Mathematics and science achievement: Effects of motivation, interest, and academic engagement. J. of Ed. Research, 95, 323-332. doi:10.1080/00220670209596607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220670209596607

Soneral, Paula A. G. & Sara A. Wyse (2017). Student Learning Gains in High- and Low-Tech Active-Learning Environments. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 16 (12),1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-07-0228

Stevenson, H. W., & Newman, R. S. (1986). Long-term prediction of achievement and attitudes in mathematics and reading. Child Development, 57, 646-659. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1130343

Stoltzfus, Jon R. & Julie Libarkin (2016). Does the Room Matter? Active Learning in Traditional and Enhanced Lecture Spaces. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 15 (68), 1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-03-0126

Twigg, Carol A. (2011). The Math Emporium: Higher Education's Silver Bullet. Change. The Magazine of Higher Learning, 43(3), 25-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00091383.2011.569241

Vallade, James K. (2013). An evaluation of the emporium model as a tool for increasing student performance in developmental mathematics and college algebra. Ed.D. Thesis, The University of Toledo, The University of Toledo Digital Repository.

Varatharajah et al (2014). Calculus I Workbook (NCA&T State University), Pearson Publishing Company.

Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education. (2009). A large-scale, longitudinal study to investigate

critical factors that affect the outcomes of liberal arts education: www.liberalarts.wabash.edu/nationalstudy Webel, C., Krupa, E., & McManus, J. (2017). The math emporium: Effective for whom, and for what? International Journal of Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education,3(2), 355-380. doi:10.1007/s40753-016-0046-x Williams, S.P. (2016). Math Emporium Model: Preparing Developmental Students for College Algebra. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Southern Mississippi. The Aquila Digital Community: Dissertations DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40753-016-0046-x

Zachary, M. & Biggers, S.S. (2007). An Analysis of Reformatting Curriculum and Instruction in the Calculus Sequence. Presented at the International Conf. of the Math Education into the 21st Century Project, Charlotte, NC. Online at http://math.unipa.it/~grim/21_project/21_charlotte_ZacharyPaperEdit.pdf

Downloads

Published

2019-01-01

How to Cite

Clemence-Mkhope, D. P., Varatharajah, P., Oldham, J. M., Tankersley, B., & Seongtae, K. (2019). SCALE-UP Instructional Redesign of a Calculus Course at an HBCU. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 7(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss1.1279