The Welfare State and The Market Economy: The Austrian experience as a Social Market Economy (SME)

Rafat  Fazeli; Reza Fazeli

doi:10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss10.1820

Authors

Rafat Fazeli

California State University, Fullerton
Reza Fazeli

California State University, Fullerton

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss10.1820

Keywords:

Welfare State, Social Wage, Economic Growth, Government Expenditures, Taxes

Abstract

This paper concentrates on the recent development of the welfare state and social wage in Austria. Our empirical review is concerned with the net benefits or net social wage received by the Austrian working population. Net social wage is defined as the difference between the social benefits received and taxes paid by the working class. This measurement will enable us to find out whether the working population has received a net gain (or net social wage) and whether this net gain has expanded over time. The paper offers a study of the trends of the “social wage” in France in the last decades before the Great Recession. It addresses two major questions. The first question is whether the expansion of social expenditures has posed any drag on capital accumulation and economic growth in this country. The second question is whether the increasing ideological challenges from the right and the competitive pressures of globalization have led to the retrenchment of the French welfare states in recent decades.

References

Austria.Org 2019. “The Welfare State,” https://www.austria.org/the-welfare-state
Austria Public Debt 2010. http://www.indexmundi.com/austria/public_debt.html
CIA. 2010. “The World Factbook,” https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html; and also http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/france/france_economy.html
---------- “The World Factbook,” https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world factbook/geos/nl.html
Dewan, Sabina and Michael Ettlinger. 2009. “Comparing Public Spending and Priorities Across OECD Countries,” Center for American Progress, October. http://www.boell.org/downloads/Dewan__Eiingler_Comparing_Public_Spending.pdf
Economy Watch. 2010. “Austria Economic Structure,” http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/austria/structure-of-economy.html
Encyclopedia of the Nations 2010
Eurostat. 2008. “National Accounts,” http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/national_accounts/data/main_tables
IMF EconStats. 2010. “Global Economic Data,” http://www.econstats.com/weo/CUSA.htm
IMF EconStats. 2010. “Global Economic Data,” http://www.econstats.com/weo/CUSA.htm
International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 22 April 2009
International Monetary Fund. 2018. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund
Jandl, Michael and Albert Kraler. 2003. “Austria: A Country of Immigration?” http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=105
OECD 2015. “General government spending,” https://data.oecd.org/gga/general-government-spending.htm
OECD Factbook 2010. “Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics” - ISBN 92-64-08356-1
OECD. 2010. “OECD General Government Expenditures (% of GDP) 2007,” http://micpohling.wordpress.com/2008/07/03/oecd-general-government-expenditure-of-gdp-2007/
--------- (2008a). National Accounts of OECD Countries Volume I, Main Aggregates, Source
--------- (2008b). National Accounts of OECD Countries, Volume IV, General Government Accounts, Source OECD.
--------. 2010. “Economic Outlook No. 87 Annex Tables,” Economic Department.
--------. 2008. Growing Unequal? Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries,http://www.contorno.org.mx/pdfs_reporte/diciembre08/growing_unequal_ocde.pdf
OECD Factbook 2010: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics - ISBN 92-64-08356-1
OECD Stat. Extracts. 2010. http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?QueryId=11112&QueryType=View
OECD Tax Database. 2010. “Tax revenue statistics, ‘ Table O.1, http://www.oecd.org/document/60/0,3343,en_2649_34533_1942460_1_1_1_1,00.html#trs
OECD 2007 National Accounts
OECD (2011): Divided We Stand: Why Inequality keeps Rising, http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/socialissues migration-health/the-causes-of-growinginequalities-in-oecd-countries_9789264119536-en, accessed 24.08.2014. --------- (2008a). National Accounts of OECD Countries Volume I, Main Aggregates, Source OECD. --------- (2008b). National Accounts of OECD Countries, Volume IV, General Government Accounts, Source OECD. --------- (2008c): Growing Unequal? Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries, http://www.oecdilibrary.org/social-issues-migrationhealth/growing-unequal_9789264044197-en, accessed 24.08.2014.
Pearson, Paul 1996 The New Politics of the Welfare State, World Politics 48.2 (1996) 143-179
Pontusson, Jonas 2005 Inequality and Prosperity: Social Europe vs. Liberal America, Ithaca, N. Y: Cornell University Press.
Statista. 2019. https://www.statista.com/statistics/375659/austria-gdp-distribution-across-economic-sectors/
Talos, Emmerich and Marcel Fink. 2005. The Welfare State in Austria, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230554917_9
Trading Economics. 2010. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/Economics/Inflation-CPI.aspx?symbol=ITL
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/Economics/Inflation-CPI.aspx?Symbol=SEK
Trading Economics. 2018. https://tradingeconomics.com/austria/government-debt-to-gdp
World Bank.2018. International Comparison Program database,
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD
World Bank. 2010. “Gross Domestic Production,”
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP.pdf