Author Rights & Licensing Page

Copyright Ownership

Authors retain copyright to their published work. By submitting to IJIER, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive license to publish, distribute, and archive the article in electronic and print formats.

Open Access & Distribution

All articles are freely accessible online immediately upon publication under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This allows anyone to read, download, copy, distribute, or adapt the work, provided proper attribution is given to the author(s) and the journal.

Author Rights

• Authors may reuse their work in future publications or educational materials with proper attribution.
• Authors retain the right to share their article on personal websites, institutional repositories, or academic social networks.
• Authors can update preprints or versions hosted on preprint servers while linking to the final published version in IJIER.

License Terms

Under the CC BY 4.0 license, users are free to:

• Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
• Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

Proper attribution to the author(s) and IJIER must always be provided.

Moral Rights and Integrity

Authors maintain moral rights to be recognized as the original creators of the work. Any modifications or adaptations must not distort the meaning of the original research.

Institutional and Funding Compliance

Authors are responsible for ensuring compliance with institutional, funding agency, or national policies regarding copyright, licensing, and data sharing.