Cell death and its relationship to viral infections: What are the ways to fight viruses?

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss3.2991

Keywords:

Apoptosis, Necrosis, Autophagy, Virus

Abstract

Cell death is a crucial process for maintaining homeostasis and the development of the organism. They are mainly characterized by apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, being complex processes and essences for the immune system and balance of the human organism, especially when there are infectious agents such as viruses. Therefore, a bibliographic review was carried out seeking to deepen the knowledge of cell death applied to viruses, and its possible action against COVID-19, demonstrating the action and importance of understanding and understanding cell death pathways and applying their results as therapeutic targets. The results obtained showed the individual action of cell deaths against the virus in the immune system and emphasized the understanding of cell death pathways as fundamental for the development of drugs and therapies for viral control for already known viruses and for new viruses, such as Covid -19.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Gabriella Brandimarte Queiroz, University of the State of Paraná

    Graduate student in dentistry

  • Carla Catarina Silva, University of the State of Paraná

    Graduate student in dentistry

  • Augusto Alberto Foggiato, University of the State of Paraná

    Dentist, Specialist in Radiology, Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics, Ms and PhD OrthodonticsHealth Sciences Center -Dentistry

  • Juliana Zorzi Coléte, University of the State of Paraná

    Dentist, DDS, MSc, PhD, Post-doc on Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Health Sciences Center - Dentistry

  • João Lopes Toledo Neto, University of the State of Paraná

    Dentist and PhD of oral-biology by the Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba Unicamp, Health Sciences Center

  • Fabrício José Jassi, Universidade de São Paulo

    Physiotherapist and PhD rehabilitation and functional performance - School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto

  • Douglas Fernandes da Silva, Sao Paulo State University

    Biologist, biotechnological engineer and PhD in applied microbiology

References

AGNELLO, M. et al. The Role of Autophagy and Apoptosis During Embryo Development. Cell Death - Autophagy, Apoptosis and Necrosis, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/61765

AHMAD, L.; MOSTOWY, S.; SANCHO-SHIMIZU, V. Autophagy-virus interplay: From cell biology to human disease. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, v. 6, n. NOV, p. 1–8, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2018.00155

ANTONIO, M. V. DO N. et al. Tempestade de citocinas na COVID-19. ULAKES Journal of Medicine, v. 1, p. 31–40, 2020.

BARBER, G. N. Host defense, viruses and apoptosis. Cell Death and Differentiation, v. 8, n. 2, p. 113–126, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4400823

BERGANTINI, A. P. F. et al. Leucemia mielóide crônica e o sistema Fas-FasL. Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, v. 27, n. 2, p. 120–125, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-84842005000200012

BRASS, A. An overview. Biochemical Society Transactions, v. 25, n. 3, p. 451–465, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025377sa

CHAWLA-SARKAR, M. et al. Apoptosis and interferons: Role of interferon-stimulated genes as mediators of apoptosis. Apoptosis, v. 8, n. 3, p. 237–249, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023668705040

CHEN, YONGWEN et al. The Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Directly Decimates Human Spleens and Lymph Nodes. medRxiv, v. 2, p. 2020.03.27.20045427, 2020a.

CHEN, J. et al. Clinical progression of patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai, China. Journal of Infection, v. 80, n. 5, p. e1–e6, 2020b. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.004

CHEN, Q.; KANG, J.; FU, C. The independence of and associations among apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, v. 3, n. 1, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-018-0018-5

DELORME-AXFORD, E.; KLIONSKY, D. J. Highlights in the fight against COVID-19: does autophagy play a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection? Autophagy, v. 16, n. 12, p. 2123–2127, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2020.1844940

FAKHRI, S. et al. Astaxanthin, COVID-19 and immune response: Focus on oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy. Phytotherapy Research, v. 9, n. June, p. 2017–2019, 2020a. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6797

FAKHRI, S. et al. Astaxanthin, COVID-19 and immune response: Focus on oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy. Phytotherapy Research, v. 34, n. 11, p. 2790–2792, 2020b. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6797

FATHI, N.; REZAEI, N. Lymphopenia in COVID-19: Therapeutic opportunities. Cell Biology International, v. 44, n. 9, p. 1792–1797, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.11403

FELDMANN, M. et al. Trials of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for COVID-19 are urgently needed. The Lancet, v. 395, n. 10234, p. 1407–1409, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30858-8

GARRIDO, C.; KROEMER, G. Life’s smile, death’s grin: Vital functions of apoptosis-executing proteins. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, v. 16, n. 6, p. 639–646, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2004.09.008

GULER, N.; SIDDIQUI, F.; FAREED, J. Is the Reason of Increased D-Dimer Levels in COVID-19 Because of ACE-2-Induced Apoptosis in Endothelium? Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, v. 26, p. 19–21, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029620935526

HAMMOCK, B. D. et al. Eicosanoids: The Overlooked Storm in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? American Journal of Pathology, v. 190, n. 9, p. 1782–1788, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.06.010

HE, C.; KLIONSKY, D. J. Regulation Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of Autophagy. Annual Review of Genetics, v. 43, n. 1, p. 67–93, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910

IBA, T. et al. Coagulopathy in COVID-19. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, v. 18, n. 9, p. 2103–2109, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14975

JACOB, S. T. et al. Ebola virus disease. [s.l.] Springer US, 2020. v. 6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-020-0154-4

JORGENSEN, I.; RAYAMAJHI, M.; MIAO, E. A. Programmed cell death as a defence against infection. Nature Reviews Immunology, v. 17, n. 3, p. 151–164, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2016.147

KHEDKAR, P. H.; PATZAK, A. SARS-CoV-2: What do we know so far? Acta physiologica (Oxford, England), n. March, p. e13470, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.13470

KIM-CAMPBELL, N.; GOMEZ, H.; BAYIR, H. Cell Death Pathways: Apoptosis and Regulated Necrosis. Third Edit ed. [s.l: s.n.].

KROEMER, G.; LEVINE, B. Autophagic cell death: The story of a misnomer. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, v. 9, n. 12, p. 1004–1010, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm2529

LABBÉ, K.; SALEH, M. Cell death in the host response to infection. Cell Death and Differentiation, v. 15, n. 9, p. 1339–1349, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2008.91

LIU, Z. et al. Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Medical Virology, n. February, p. 1–7, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25726

MACHADO, P. R. L. et al. Mecanismos de resposta imune às infecções. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, v. 79, n. 6, p. 647–662, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0365-05962004000600002

MESSNER, B. et al. Cadmium overkill: Autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis signalling in endothelial cells exposed to cadmium. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, v. 73, n. 8, p. 1699–1713, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-2094-9

MIMS, C. A.; NASH, A.; STEPHEN, J. Mechanisms of Cell and Tissue Damage. [s.l: s.n.].

NAINU, F.; SHIRATSUCHI, A.; NAKANISHI, Y. Induction of apoptosis and subsequent phagocytosis of virus-infected cells as an antiviral mechanism. Frontiers in Immunology, v. 8, n. SEP, p. 1–11, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01220

NIKOLETOPOULOU, V. et al. Crosstalk between apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research, v. 1833, n. 12, p. 3448–3459, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.001

PAROLIN, M. B.; MESSIAS REASON, I. J. Apoptosis as a mechanism of tissue injury in hepatobiliary diseases. Arquivos de Gastroenterologia, v. 38, n. 2, p. 138–144, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-28032001000200011

PATEL, T.; GORES, G. J. Apoptosis in liver transplantation: A mechanism contributing to immune modulation, preservation injury, neoplasia, and viral disease. Liver Transplantation and Surgery, v. 4, n. 1, p. 42–50, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/lt.500040106

QUEIROZ, G. B. et al. CELL DEATH AND ITS CONCEPT APPLIED IN GENERAL HEALTH AND MICRO-BIOLOGICAL ACTION: LITERATURE REVIEW. Centro de Pesquisas Avançadas em Qualidade de Vida, v. 12, n. 2, p. 1–24, 8 jul. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36692/cpaqv-v12n2-50

RODRIGUEZ-MORALES, A. J. et al. Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, v. 34, n. February, p. 101623, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623

SHI, Y. et al. COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses. Cell Death and Differentiation, v. 27, n. 5, p. 1451–1454, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-020-0530-3

SHIOZAKI, E. N.; CHAI, J.; SHI, Y. Oligomerization and activation of caspase-9, induced by Apaf-1 CARD. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 99, n. 7, p. 4197–4202, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.072544399

SILVA, G. L. M. Caracterização Molecular do mecanismo de morte celular programada via TNF Alfa/TNFR1 na resposta ao tratamento antirretroviral na Infecção pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana Tipo 1 (HIV-1). v. 1, 2016.

TAGHILOO, S. et al. Apoptosis and immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes in Iranian COVID-19 patients: Clinical and laboratory characteristics. Journal of Medical Virology, n. July 2020, p. 1589–1598, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26505

TAYLOR, R. C.; CULLEN, S. P.; MARTIN, S. J. Apoptosis: Controlled demolition at the cellular level. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, v. 9, n. 3, p. 231–241, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm2312

TERPOS, E. et al. Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19. American Journal of Hematology, v. 95, n. 7, p. 834–847, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.25829

WALSH, G. M.; SEXTON, D. W.; BLAYLOCK, M. G. Corticosteroids, eosinophils and bronchial epithelial cells: New insights into the resolution of inflammation in asthma. Journal of Endocrinology, v. 178, n. 1, p. 37–43, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1780037

ZHANG, C.; SHI, L.; WANG, F. S. Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges. The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, v. 5, n. 5, p. 428–430, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30057-1

ZHENG, J. SARS-coV-2: An emerging coronavirus that causes a global threat. International Journal of Biological Sciences, v. 16, n. 10, p. 1678–1685, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.45053

ZHOU, X. et al. Virus infection and death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Viruses, v. 9, n. 11, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/v9110316

ZIMMERMANN, K. C.; GREEN, D. R. How cells die: Apoptosis pathways. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, v. 108, n. 4 SUPPL., p. 0–4, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2001.117819

Downloads

Published

2021-03-01

How to Cite

Queiroz, G. B., Silva, C. C., Foggiato, A. A., Coléte, J. Z., Neto, J. L. T., Jassi, F. J., & Silva, D. F. da. (2021). Cell death and its relationship to viral infections: What are the ways to fight viruses?. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 9(3), 394-405. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss3.2991
Received 2021-02-09
Accepted 2021-02-28
Published 2021-03-01

Most read articles by the same author(s)