Endocannabinoid system
conceptual parameters, history and therapeutic possibilities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss9.2642Keywords:
Cannabis sativa, Endocannabinoid system, Therapeutic possibilitiesAbstract
Among the drugs considered illicit in the West, the Cannabis sativa plant is the most consumed: around 4% of the adult population, 10% of these users are in a situation of dependence. However, the medicinal use of this herb dates back to the early days of the emergence of our own species: some anthropologists theorize that some of the genus Homo has progressed in the struggle for survival with other hominids precisely because of the advanced knowledge – kept to the proper proportions – it possessed of plants like Cannabis. Millennia later, science – even focusing intensely on the chemical characterization of its more than 530 bioactive components – was still not able to generate verifiable hypotheses in order to explain two of the most remarkable characteristics of the recreational use of this plant: because small chemical changes potentiated the effect of the drug up to 100 times and, mainly, because it would be virtually impossible for an individual to suffer a lethal overdose of the substance. To overcome this paradigm, some compounds derived from delta-ninetetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) - the main component of cannabis – were radioactively marked in an experimental study and, after their induction, it was discovered that they had tropism by brain membranes and that their binding was saturated and stereosleptic. Such evidence strongly suggested the existence of endogenous receptors for the drug and it was these findings that led to the discovery of the Endocanabinoid System (SEC): a physiological apparatus made up of endogenous receptors and binders, philogenetically conserved, responsible for several controls related to neuronal homeostasis.
References
Ameri A. The effects of cannabinoids on the brain. Prog Neurobiol. 1999;58(4):315-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0082(98)00087-2
Bonfa L, Vinagre RC, de Figueiredo NV. Cannabinoids in chronic pain and palliative care. Rev Bras Anestesiol, 2008;58(3):267-79. English, Portuguese. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942008000300010
Cooper ZD, Haney M. Cannabis reinforcement and dependence: role of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Addict Biol. 2008;13(2):188-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-1600.2007.00095.x
Dennis M, Babor TF, Roebuck MC, Donaldson J. Changing the focus: the case for recognizing and treating Cannabis use disorders. Addiction. 2002;97(Suppl 1):4-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.97.s01.10.x
Di Marzo V, Bisogno T, De Petrocellis L. Endocannabinoids: new targets for drug development. Curr Pharm Des. 2000;6(13):1361-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612003399365
Fattore L, Fadda P, Spano MS, Pistis M, Fratta W. Neurobiological mechanisms of cannabinoid addiction. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2008;286(1-2 Suppl 1):S97-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2008.02.006
Hazekamp A. Medicinal use of Cannabis: a review. Leiden, The Netherlands: Leiden University, Department of Plant Metabolomics; 2008.
Pacher P, Bátkai S, Kunos G. The endocannabinoid system as an emerging target of pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev. 2006;58(3):389-462. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.58.3.2
Vandrey R, Haney M. Pharmacotherapy for Cannabis dependence: how close are we? CNS Drugs. 2009;23(7):543-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200923070-00001
Zuardi AW. History of Cannabis as a medicine: a review. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2006; 28(2):153-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462006000200015
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Luis Henrique Almeida Castro, Geanlucas Mendes Monteiro, Ygor Thiago Cerqueira de Paula, Vanessa de Souza Ferraz, Flavia Soares Bezerra Okumoto Nery de Mello, Dayane Aparecida Moisés Caetano Bottini, Nelson Thiago Andrade Ferreira, Tayla Borges Lino, Juliana Vicente de Souza, Gildiney Penaves de Alencar, Wesley Sebastião da Silva Moraes, Fernanda Viana de Carvalho Moreto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyrights for articles published in IJIER journals are retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author for more visit Copyright & License.
How to Cite
Accepted 2020-08-28
Published 2020-09-01
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Nelma Lina Almeida Castro, Sandra Martins de Brito Carvalho, Cristina Paula Pereira, Maria Neide de Almeida, Patricia Coelho de Almeida, Leandro Rachel Arguello, Antonio Carlos Dorsa, Giuliano Moreto Onaka, Patricia Kubalaki Onaka, Fernanda Viana de Carvalho Moreto, Luis Henrique Almeida Castro, What We Know About the Genetic Determinants of Human Homosexuality? A Short Review Communication , International Journal for Innovation Education and Research: Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021): International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
- Luis Henrique Almeida Castro, Leandro Rachel Arguello, Nelson Thiago Andrade Ferreira, Geanlucas Mendes Monteiro, Jessica Alves Ribeiro, Juliana Vicente de Souza, Sarita Baltuilhe dos Santos, Fernanda Viana de Carvalho Moreto, Ygor Thiago Cerqueira de Paula, Vanessa de Souza Ferraz, Tayla Borges Lino, Thiago Teixeira Pereira, Energy metabolism , International Journal for Innovation Education and Research: Vol. 8 No. 9 (2020): International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
- Luis Henrique Almeida Castro, Diego Bezerra de Souza, Nelson Thiago Andrade Ferreira, Juliana Vicente de Souza, Aline Ortega Soloaga, Raquel Borges de Barros Primo, Geanlucas Mendes Monteiro, Ygor Thiago Cerqueira de Paula, Vanessa de Souza Ferraz, Lúcio Barbosa Neto, Wesley Sebastião da Silva Moraes, Cristiane Martins Viegas de Oliveira, General Gymnastics and its Applicability in the School and Social Environment , International Journal for Innovation Education and Research: Vol. 9 No. 1 (2021): International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
- Luis Henrique Almeida Castro, Diego Bezerra de Souza, Fernanda Viana de Carvalho Moreto, Nelson Thiago Andrade Ferreira, Juliana Vicente de Souza, Aline Ortega Soloaga, Raquel Borges de Barros Primo, Geanlucas Mendes Monteiro, Ygor Thiago Cerqueira de Paula, Vanessa de Souza Ferraz, Júlia Arruda de Fonseca Palmiere, Cristiane Martins Viegas de Oliveira, Inclusion, physical activity and quality of life for people with disabilities , International Journal for Innovation Education and Research: Vol. 9 No. 1 (2021): International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
- Nelma Lina Almeida Castro, Sandra Martins de Brito Carvalho, Cristina Paula Pereira, Maria Neide de Almeida, Patricia Coelho de Almeida, Leandro Rachel Arguello, Antonio Carlos Dorsa, Patricia Kubalaki Onaka, Luis Henrique Almeida Castro, Transversal Diagnosis of the Panorama of Professional Education: A Case Study of the City of Itaporã – Mato Grosso do Sul , International Journal for Innovation Education and Research: Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021): International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
- Luis Henrique Almeida Castro, Geanlucas Mendes Monteiro, Ygor Thiago Cerqueira de Paula, Vanessa de Souza Ferraz, Flavia Soares Bezerra Okumoto Nery de Mello, Dayane Aparecida Moisés Caetano Bottini, Nelson Thiago Andrade Ferreira, Tayla Borges Lino, Juliana Vicente de Souza, Gildiney Penaves de Alencar, João Vitor Alves dos Santos, Fernanda Viana de Carvalho Moreto, Nutritional physical examination , International Journal for Innovation Education and Research: Vol. 8 No. 9 (2020): International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
- Luis Henrique Almeida Castro, Geanlucas Mendes Monteiro, Gildiney Penaves de Alencar, Thiago Teixeira Pereira, Fernanda Viana de Carvalho Moreto, Lucas Rodrigues Santa Cruz, Breno Alcará Ferreira, Pedro Mochi Romero de Oliveira, Verônica Assalin Zorgetto-Pinheiro, Cristiane Martins Viegas de Oliveira, Nutritional Health, Food Safety and its Social Determinants , International Journal for Innovation Education and Research: Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
- Luis Henrique Almeida Castro, Diego Bezerra de Souza, Geanlucas Mendes Monteiro, Gildiney Penaves de Alencar, João Vitor Alves dos Santos, Lúcio Barbosa Neto, Raphael de Souza Cosmo, Thiago Teixeira Pereira, Wesley Sebastião da Silva Moraes, Cristiane Martins Viegas de Oliveira, Food Science from the Perspective of the Nutrition Professional , International Journal for Innovation Education and Research: Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
- Luis Henrique Almeida Castro, Geanlucas Mendes Monteiro, Ygor Thiago Cerqueira de Paula, Vanessa de Souza Ferraz, Jessica Alves Ribeiro, Dayane Aparecida Moisés Caetano Bottini, Aline Ortega Soloaga, Nelson Thiago Andrade Ferreira, Tayla Borges Lino, Flavia Soares Bezerra Okumoto Nery de Mello, Juliana Vicente de Souza, Fernanda Viana de Carvalho Moreto, Anti-inflammatory foods , International Journal for Innovation Education and Research: Vol. 8 No. 9 (2020): International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
- Luis Henrique Almeida Castro, Cristiane Martins Viegas de Oliveira, Diego Bezerra de Souza, Geanlucas Mendes Monteiro, Gildiney Penaves de Alencar, Verônica Assalin Zorgetto-Pinheiro, Raphael de Souza Cosmo, Thiago Teixeira Pereira, Political, Historical and Social Features of the Human Right to Health , International Journal for Innovation Education and Research: Vol. 7 No. 12 (2019): International Journal for Innovation Education and Research