Comparative differential study of comorbid symptomatic groups associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis

Ojea Rúa Manuel; Lydia Castro Núñez; Lourdes Rivas Otero; Tania Justo Román

doi:10.31686/ijier.vol11.iss3.4096

Authors

Ojea Rúa Manuel Universidade de Vigo
Lydia Castro Núñez University of Vigo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0921-1846
Lourdes Rivas Otero Universidade de Vigo
Tania Justo Román Universidade de Vigo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1340-726X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol11.iss3.4096

Keywords:

Autism Spectrum Disorder, Comorbidity, diagnosis, synapse- neural- nodes

Abstract

Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) make up a diagnosis characterized by a multifunctional neurocognitive disorder, based on a limited structure to perform nodal-synaptic interrelationships between the contents of learning. Likewise, this disorder may be associated with a set of comorbid symptom groups, which, regarding their intensity, may border with ASD main diagnosis and lead to basic errors that affect subsequent social- educational treatment. This study analyses most recurrent associated comorbid groups, as well as, if the presence of symptomatic comorbid groups is differential regarding group shape: normotypical and ASD groups. A total of 390 children participated in this study, 128 belonged to normotypical group and 262 did it to experimental group, subdivided into three levels of ASD. Results found through multivariate- test indicate that the whole dimension significantly affects group way intersection, age and sex (sig: .00). The post-hoc test analysis indicates this influence was differential regarding to the group type for the following dimensions: cognition, behaviour, psychoaffectivity, language and psychomotor disorder, while relative differences were not observed in specific- clinical dimension, where only epilepsy showed a differential result: no differences were found in general- clinic dimension.

Lay abstract

ASD´ diagnosis and treatment shows, to date, many weak points that need to be improved. Previous studies have shown how important is the psycho-educational component regarding ASD treatment, therefore it is necessary to understand the specific characteristics of the nuclear ASD diagnosis, in order to work out a specific therapy according to every single case.

In the current study, we examined and analysed ASD patients as well as participants showing comorbid symptoms such as epilepsy, in order to show how these comorbidities can reach a very high level, leading to a confused and wrong ASD nuclear diagnosis.

Therefore, it is essential to gain more insight into the specific diagnosis process, defining the ASD symptoms very precisely in order to develop more accurate and specific educational programs.

This study contributes to the improvement in ASD diagnosis, providing a large number of participants in order to study the relation between several comorbid symptoms and its reliability as ASD indicative factors or not.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Ojea Rúa Manuel, Universidade de Vigo

Prof. Dr. Psycho- Pedagogy

(34) 630189639

PhD. Pyschology
Lydia Castro Núñez, University of Vigo

MEd Biology. Doctoral student. of University of Vigo.
Lourdes Rivas Otero, Universidade de Vigo

(MEd Psyco-pedagogy. Doctoral student of University of Vigo)
Tania Justo Román, Universidade de Vigo

MEd Music- therapy. Doctoral student of University of Vigo.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- DSM-5 (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishin. https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm

Amiet, C., Gourfinkel-An, I., Laurent, C., Carayol, J. R., Génin, B. R., Leguern, E., Tordjman, S., & Cohen, D. (2013). Epilepsy in simplex autism pedigrees is much lower than the rate in multiplex autism pedigrees. Biological Psychiatry, 74(3). e3-e4. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.037

Anukirthiga, B., Mishra, D., Pandey, S., Juneja, M., & Sharma, N. (2019). Prevalence of epilepsy and interictal epileptiform discharges in children with autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 86, 897- 902. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-019-02977-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-019-02977-6

Bauman, M. L. (2010). Medical comorbidities in autism: Challenges to diagnosis and treatment. Neurotherapeutics, 7(3), 320- 327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurt.2010.06.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurt.2010.06.001

Brookman-Frazee, L., Stadnick, N., Chlebowski, C., Baker- Ericzén, M. J., & Ganger, W. (2017). Characterizing psychiatric comorbidity in children with autism spectrum disorder receiving publicly funded mental health services. Autism, 22(8), 938- 952. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361317712650 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361317712650

Casseus, M. (2022). Prevalence of co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children in the United States. Autism, 26(6) 159-1597. DOI: 10.1177/13623613221083279 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221083279

Chiarotti, F., & Venerosi, A. (2020). Epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders: A review of worldwide prevalence estimates since 2014. Brain Sciences, 10(5). E274. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10050274 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10050274

Danielson, M. L., Bitsko, R. H., Ghandour, R. M., Holbrook, J. R., Kogan, M. D., & Blumberg, S. J. (2018). Prevalence of parent-reported ADHD diagnosis and associated treatment among U.S. children and adolescents, 2016. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 47(2), 199- 212. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1417860 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1417860

Danielsson, S., Gillberg, I. C., Billstedt, E., Gillberg, C., & Olsson, I. (2005). Epilepsy in young adults with autism: A prospective population-based follow-up study of 120 individuals diagnosed in childhood. Epilepsia, 46(6), 918- 923. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.57504.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.57504.x

Dickson, K. S., Galligan, M. L., & Lok, H. (2021). Short report: A quantitative methodological review of participant characteristics in the literature testing mental health interventions for youth with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 26(4) 995-1000 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211056408 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613211056408

Golan, O., Haruvi-Lamdan, N., Laor, N., & Horesh, D. (2021). The comorbidity between autism spectrum disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder is mediated by brooding rumination. Autism, 26(2) 538-544. DOI: 10.1177/13623613211035240 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613211035240

Hellquist, A., & Tammimies, K. (2021). Access, utilization, and awareness for clinical genetic testing in autism spectrum disorder in Sweden: A survey study. Autism, 26(7) 1795- 1804. DOI: 10.1177/13623613211066130

Holingue, C., Poku, O., Pfeiffer, D., Murray, S., & Fallin, D. (2021). Gastrointestinal concerns in children with autism spectrum disorder: A qualitative study of family experiences. Autism, 26(7) 1698- 1711. DOI: 10.1177/13623613211062667

Kado, Y., Sanada, S., Oono, S., Ogino, T., & Nouno, S. (2020). Children with autism spectrum disorder comorbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder examined by the Wisconsin card sorting test: Analysis by age-related differences. Brain Development, 42, 113- 120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2019.07.011

Kerns, C. M., Berkowitz, S. J., Moskowitz, L. J., Drahota, A., Lerner, M. D., & Newschaffer, C. J. (2020). Screening and treatment of trauma-related symptoms in youth with autism spectrum disorder among community providers in the United States. Autism, 24(2), 515- 525. https://doi. org/10.1177/1362361319847908 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361319847908

Kildahl, A. N., Bakken, T. L., & Iversen, T. E. (2019). Identification of post-traumatic stress disorder in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: A systematic review identification of post-traumatic stress disorder in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 12(1- 2), 1- 25. https://doi.org/10.1 080/19315864.2019.1595233 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19315864.2019.1595233

Kohane, I. S., McMurry, A., Weber, G., MacFadden, D., Rappaport, L., Kunkel, L., Bickel, J., Wattanasin, N., Spence, S., & Murphy, S. (2012). The co-morbidity burden of children and young adults with autism spectrum disorders. PLOS ONE, 7(4). e33224. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033224 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033224

Lai, M.-C., Kassee, C., Besney, R., Bonato, S., Hull, L., Mandy, W., Szatmari, P., & Ameis, S. H. (2019). Prevalence of co-occurring mental health diagnoses in the autism population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(10), 819- 829. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30289-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30289-5

Liu, X., Sun, X, Sun, C., Zou, M., Chen, Y., Huang, J., Wu, L., & Chen, W. (2021). Prevalence of epilepsy in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autism, 26(1) 33- 50. DOI: 10.1177/13623613211045029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613211045029

Lord, C., Elsabbagh, M., Baird, G., & Veenstra- vanderweele, J. (2018). Autism spectrum disorder. The Lancet, 392, 508- 520. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31129-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31129-2

Miller, D. T., Adam, M. P., Aradhya, S., Biesecker, L. G., Brothman, A. R., Carter, N. … & Ledbetter, D. H. (2010). Consensus statement: Chromosomal microarray is a first-tier clinical diagnostic test for individuals with developmental disabilities or congenital anomalies. American Journal of Human Genetics, 86(5), 749- 764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.006

Moeschler, J. B., Shevell, M., & Committee on Genetics. (2014). Comprehensive evaluation of the child with intellectual disability or global developmental delays. Pediatrics, 134(3), e903- e918. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-1839 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-1839

Neumeyer, A. M., Anixt, J., Chan, J., Perrin, J. M., Murray, D., Coury, D. L., Bennett, A., Farmer, J., & Parker, R. A. (2019). Identifying associations among co-occurring medical conditions in children with autism spectrum disorders. Academic Pediatrics, 19(3), 300- 306. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.acap.2018.06.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2018.06.014

Ojea, M. (2021). Classification of the comorbid symptomatic groups on Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 9(6), 196- 208. ISSN: 2411- 293301. https://scholarsjournal.net/index.php/ijier/issue/view/94 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss6.3167

Ojea, M. (2022). Integrated Scale for Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ISD-ASD). International Journal for Innovation, Education and Research, 10(9), 202-274. https://scholarsjournal.net/index.php/ijier/article/view/3906/2659 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol10.iss9.3906

Rosello, R., Martinez-Raga, J., Mira, A., Pastor, J. C., Solmi, M., & Cortese, S. (2021). Cognitive, social, and behavioral manifestations of the co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. Autism, 26(4) 743- 760. DOI: 10.1177/13623613211065545 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613211065545

Rumball, F., Happé, F., & Grey, N. (2020). Experience of trauma and PTSD symptoms in autistic adults: Risk of PTSD development following DSM-5 and non-DSM-5 traumatic life events. Autism Research, 13(12), 2122- 2132. https://doi. org/10.1002/aur.2306 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2306

Schaefer, G. B., Mendelsohn, N. J., & Professional Practice Guidelines Committee. (2013). Clinical genetics evaluation in identifying the etiology of autism spectrum disorders: 2013 guideline revisions. Genetics in Medicine, 15(5), 399- 407. https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2013.32 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2013.32

Srivastava, S., Love-Nichols, J. A., Dies, K. A., Ledbetter, D. H., Martin, C. L., Chung, W. K., Firth, H. V., Frazier, T., Hansen, R. L., Prock, L., Brunner, H., Hoang, N., Scherer, S. W., Sahin, M., Miller, D. T., & NDD Exome Scoping Review Work Group. (2019). Meta-analysis and multidisciplinary consensus statement: Exome sequencing is a firsttier clinical diagnostic test for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Genetics in Medicine, 21(11), 2413- 2421. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41436-019-0554-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41436-019-0554-6

Tammimies, K., Marshall, C. R., Walker, S., Kaur, G., Thiruvahindrapuram, B., Lionel, A. C. . . . & Fernandez, B. A. (2015). Molecular diagnostic yield of chromosomal microarray analysis and whole-exome sequencing in children with autism spectrum disorder. JAMA, 314(9), 895- 903. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.10078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.10078