Basal cell carcinoma - epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathology, and association with inflammation biomarkers. A review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss3.2226Keywords:
basal cell carcinoma, epidemiology, pathology, biomarkers, inflammationAbstract
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm in humans, with low mortality, high morbidity, and exposure to solar radiation (UVB and UVA) is the most critical risk factor. Ultraviolet B rays generate mutagenic photoproducts in DNA and mutations in important genes regulating cellular functions, such as the tumor suppressor gene TP53. Ultraviolet A rays generate cytotoxic and mutagenic free radicals, potentiating the effects of UVB rays.. There is current evidence to support the role of inflammatory biomarkers related to tumorigenesis of basal cell carcinoma.
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[4]. Lupi O, Ribeiro RC, Hoff PM. Câncer Cutâneo. 1. Ed. Rio de Janeiro: Atheneu, 2019.
[5]. Montagna E, Lopes OS. Bases moleculares do carcinoma basocelular. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 2017; 92(4):518-21. http://www.anaisdedermatologia.org.br/detalhe-artigo/102786/Bases-moleculares-do-carcinoma-basocelular-
[6]. Vasef AM, Auerbach A, et al. Diagnostic Pathology Molecular Oncology. 2th Edition; Philadelfia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:776-779.
[7]. Ribeiro PL, Filho JBS, Abreu KD, Brezinscki MS, Pignation CC. Você conhece esta síndrome? Sindrome de Gorlin-Goltz. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 2016; 91 (4): 541-3. http://www.anaisdedermatologia.org.br/detalhe-artigo/102521/Voce-conhece-essa-sindrome--
[8]. Marzuka, AG, Book, SE. Basal Cell carcinoma: Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Histopatology and Management. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 88 (2015), p. 167-179. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445438/
[9]. Tang JY, Azterbaum M. Athar M, Barsanti F, Cappola C, Estevez N, Hebert J, Hwang J, Kim A, Lu Y, So PL, Tang X, Kohn MA McCulloch CE, Kopelovich L, Bickers DR, Epstein Jr EH. Basal Cell Carcinoma Chemoprevention with Nonsteroidal Anti-inflamatory drugs in Genetically Predisposed PTCH1+/- Humans. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2010; 3(1): 25-34. DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0200
[10]. Tilley C, Deep G, Agarwal R. Chemopreventive Opportunities to Control Basal Cell Carcinoma: Current Perspectives. Molecular Carcinogenesis. 54; 688-697, 2015. doi: 10.1002/mc.22348. Epub 2015 Jun 5
[11]. Busam KJ. Dermatopatologia. 2ª Edição; Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2018:397-406.
[12]. Cameron MC, Lee E, Hibler BP, Baker CA, Mori S, Cordoval M, Nehal KS, Rossi AM. Basal Cell Carcinoma: epidemiology, pathophysiology; clinical and histological subtypes; and disease associations. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 2, February 2019, Pages A38. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.03.060. Epub 2018 May 18
[13]. Takita LC, Sacht GL. Carcinoma Basocelular. In: Takita LC, Sangueza MA. Patologia de Tumores Cutâneos. Abordagem prática com correlações clínicas. São Paulo: Livraria Livromed Paulista; 2020.
[14]. Pele – Carcinoma Basocelular – (5ª Edição – 2019). SBP, 2019. Disponível em: <http://www.sbp.org.br/mdlhisto/pele-carcinoma-basocelular/>. Acesso em: 30/09/2019.
[15]. Chinem, VP, Miot, HA. Epidemiologia do carcinoma Basocelular. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 2011;86(2):292-305. doi: 10.1590/S0365-05962011000200013
[16]. Nasser, N. Epidemiologia dos carcinomas basocelulares em Blumenau, SC, Brasil, de 1980 a 1999. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 2005;80:363-8. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abd/v80n4/v80n4a06.pdf
[17]. Hoang MP. Immunohistochemistry in Diagnostic Dermatopathology. 1th Edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2017.
[18]. Ishi LA, Pereira IC, Schellini SA, Marques MEA, Padovani CR. Carcinoma Basocelular de pálpebra – fatores relacionados com a recidiva. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2004, 79(4): 423-430. doi: 10.1590/S0365-05962004000400004
[19]. Crowson AN. Basal Cell carcinoma: biology, morphology and clinical implications. Modern Pathology, 2006, 19, S127- S147. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.3800512
[20]. Takita LC, Gdla V, Loro LS, Sanabria BD, Freitas CAF, Abreu AC, Sobrinho CA, Ramalho RT. Basal cell carcinoma in the labial filter: surgical treatment and reconstruction with bilateral perialar advancement flap in ascending. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research. 2019; 7(8): 402-406. doi: 10.31686/ijier.Vol7.Iss8.1701
[21]. Sunjaya AP, Sunjaya AF, Tan ST. The use of BEREP4 immunohistochemistry staining for detection of basal cell carcinoma. Journal of Skin cancer. 2017, 1-10. doi: 10.1155/2017/2692604
[22]. Ramezani M, Mohamadzaheri E, Khazaei S, Najafi F, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rhbar M, Sadeghi M. Comparison of EMA, CEA, CD10 and Bcl-2 Biomarkers by Immunohistochemistry in Squamous Cell Carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2016, 17 (3), 1379-1383. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.1379
[23]. Mantese, SAO, Berbert, ALCV, Gomides, MDA, Rocha, A. Carcinoma Basocelular – Análise de 300 casos observados em Uberlândia – MG. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 2006;81:136-42. doi: 10.1590/S0365-05962006000200004
[24]. Bernard, P, Dupuy, A, Sasco, A, Brun, P, Duru, , Nicoloyannis, N, et al. Basal cell carcinomas and actinic keratoses seen in dermatological practice in France: a cross-sectional survey. Dermatology. 2008;216:194-9. doi: 10.1159/000112925
[25]. Sousa, R.B.; Cunha, F.Q. Inflamação e Câncer. In: HOFF, P.M.G., Editor. Tratado de Oncologia. São Paulo: Atheneu; 2013: v.1. cap.32, p. 431-446.
[26]. St.Clair, JM, Bar-Sagi, D. The role of inflammation in cancer. In: LaFond, RE,Editor. Cancer: the outlaw cell. New York: Oxford University Press; 2012: cap. 12, p: 151-164.
[27]. Rizzo, MBS, Lepique, AP. Inflamação e Câncer. In: Saito, RF., et al. Ed. Fundamentos de oncologia molecular. São Paulo: Atheneu; 2015. Cap. 15, p: 281-299.
[28]. Fernandes JV, Cobucci RNO, Jatoba CAN, Fernandes TAAM, Azevedo JWV, Araujo JMG. The role of the mediators of inflammation in cancer development. Pathol. Oncol. Res. 2015, 21(3): 527-534. doi: 10.1007/s12253-015-9913-z
[29]. Jia J, Shi Y, Yan B, Xiao D, Lai W, Pan Y, Jiang Y, Chen L, Mao C, Zhou J, Xi S, Ya Cao, Liu S, Tao Yy. LGR5 expression is controlled by IKKa in basal cell carcinoma through activating STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncotarget, 2016, 7(19):27 280 – 27294. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8465
[30]. Ciurea ME, Cernae D, Georescu CC, Cotoi OS, Patrascu V, Parvanescu H, Popa D, Parvanescu V, Ciurea RN, Mercut R. Expression of CXCR4, MMP-13 and β-catenin in different histological subtypes of facial basal cell carcinoma. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2013, 54(4): 939-951. http://www.rjme.ro/RJME/resources/files/540413939951.pdf
[31]. Pittayapruek P, Jitlada M, Prapapan O, Komine M, Ohtsuki M. Role of matrix metalloproteinases in Photoaging and Photocarcinogenesis Int. Journal of Molecular Science. 2016, 17, 868. doi: 10.3390/ijms17060868
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Ramalho, R., Takita, L. C., Sobrinho, C. A., Arakaki Asato, M., Lessa Sacht, G., Hans Filho, G., Tosta Ramalho, R., & Dutrra Aydos, R. (2020). Basal cell carcinoma - epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathology, and association with inflammation biomarkers. A review. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 8(3), 246-263. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss3.2226
